70 N. Kanehara 



Inland Sea (Setouclii) wliere younger eruptive rocks are found to 

 occur. 



The eruptions of Japanese volcanoes for the past half a century 

 have been almost invariably of the Strombolian type. Tliose of 

 Bandai-san in 1888, Azuma-san in 1893, Adatara-yama in 1900 

 and Torishima in 1902, were remarkable examples of this tyjie 

 that is of destructive explosions. Asama-j^-ama, Yakega-take and 

 Kirishima-jama are famous for their paroxysmal explosions, though 

 not violent heretofore. Eecently, there have been displayed exjilosions 

 of five difiPerent types ; viz., 



(1) The appearance of a new volcanic island on the soutli of the 

 Bonin Islands in 1904 ; 



(2) The eruption of a new lava-dome in the crater of Tarumai 

 in 1909 ; 



(3) The formation of 45 craterlets on the slope of Mount Usu 

 with a partial elevation of the land near the craterlets in 

 1910 ; 



(4) The outflow of an enormous quantity of lava on Sakura-jima 

 in 1912; 



(5) The ejection of lava blocks from the craters of Asama and 

 Mihara. 



Hot Springs : — All over the country, especially in the northern 

 and southern parts, numbers of hot springs are found at the top or 

 foot of volcanoes. 



The temperatures of some springs are extremely high at their 

 sources, being over 100° C. The 0-yu of Atami in Izu registers 

 108°C ; Unagi-yu of Narugo in Eikuzen, 103°C. ; Fukiage-yu at 

 Onikobe in Eikuzen, 100° C. ; and Senami-Funto in Echigo, 102° C. 

 The springs at Noboribetsu in Hokkaido, Osore-zan in Mutsu, 

 Furosen in Ugo, Futami in Etchu, Nakabusa in Shinano, Yunomine 

 in Kii, Wakura in Noto, Kanegawa, Obama, Myoban, Ureshino, Unzen 

 and Hiraochi in Kytishfi, and Hokuto in Taiwan are well-known. 

 With temperatures below 90°C., there are hundreds of springs cover- 

 ing the entire range down to 25° C. 



The springs of Japan are various in their composition, and there 

 are numerous kinds of them in which simple and salt springs predom- 

 inate, the greater number of the remainder being sulphur springs, 

 closely followed by those that are alkaline carbonated. Kusatsu, 

 Kannawa, Nasu, Noboribetsu, Kirishima and others carrying free 



