GENERAL ASPECTS OF THE FLORA OF JAPAN. 79 



purely of Pinus pumila Kegel. Towards the interior, there are many 

 forests in the plains and valleys. The forests are mainly composed of 

 conifers, such as Abies saclialinensis Mast., Ficea jezotnsis Carr., 

 Picea Glehni Mast, and Larix sibirica Led. Big trees of Quercus 

 crispida Blume and Quercus mongolica Fisch. are found associated in 

 the forests. Sasa kurilensis Mak. et Shib. and Sasa 2^ctniciclafa Mak. 

 et Shib. are the principal species forming the undergrowth. Lycopo- 

 dium complavcdum Linn. var. anceps Mild, is commonly found creep- 

 ing on the ground. DeciJuous li road-lea \^ed trees are also abundant. 



The deciduous trees most frequently found are :- 



Betitla alba LlNN. Fopiihts balsamifera LiNN. 

 B. Ermaiini Cham- et ?CIIL. A'ar- siiavcoleiis LoUD- 



Aliuis viridis DC. Phellodend)-on amiirense KuPR. 



A. incana WiLLD. Frumis sachaUneiisis KoiDZ. 



var. Sibirica SPACH. P. Padus LiNN. var. typica KoEHNE 



Ulinus cainpeslris LlNN- P. kitriknsis Miyabe. 



Salix sacJialinensis Fk. et ScHSl- Sorlnis samlnwifolia RoEM- 



S. Caprea L. Acer pictiuii Thunb- 



S. daphnoides VlLL- Etwnymus saclialinensis Maxim. 

 Popjilits treimda LiNN. var. villosa Wesm. 



Climbing plants are not very rare ; they are :- 



Actinidia argiita PlancH. A. polygaina Miq- 



A. Kohmikta Maxim. Rhus Toxicodendron \j\'srs. var. vulgaris PuRSH. 



Much variety is found among the herbaceous plants ; of these may be 

 mentioned :— 



Geranium erianthum DC. A. refracta Fb. et ScilM. 



G. sibiricum LiNN. Verati-um allntin LiNN. 

 Senecio Pseudo-arnica Less. var. I^obelianum Reicii- 



S. palmatas Pall. V. anticleoides Takeda et MiYABE. 



S. ne/norensis LiNN. Fritillaria camtschatensis Gawl. 



Allium lineare Linn. Stinantium sacJialinensis Fe. Schm. 



Gagea hitea Gawl. Bemerocallis Middcndorffii 

 Angelica ursina Maxim. Traut. et Mey. 



var. vulgaris DC Caltha palustris LlNN- var. typica Regel. 



A. anomala Lall. Lythrum Salicaria Linn. 



Aconituin sachalinensis Fr. SchjNI. 



In marshy places near the shore in the interior, we find usually 



Eqiiisetum pratense Ehrk. Sinilacina trifJia Desf. 



E. fiuviabh Linn. S. davwica TuRCZ. 



Drosera longi folia LiNN. V'accininrn ovali folium J. E. Smith. 



D. rotundifoUa LiNN. Vacciniwn uliginosum LlNN. 



Trigrochin palnstre LlNN. V. oxycoccos LlNN. 



Sphagnum spp. 



