1Q6 TOKIO KAnCEAKl 



school did iin iinnienso service. Amongst the most honoured names in 

 the annals of learning might he mentioned Haknselci Arai, Jakusui 

 Ino, Ekken Kaibara, Eanzan Ono, Keisnke Ito, and Zuiken Knrimoto. 

 Thus, our science of zoology has for a long time developed independ- 

 ently along a different line, hut has converged towards that followed 

 hy Western nations. 



As gTeat stimuli to our zoological knowledge, mention should he 

 made of the visits of E. Kaempfer (1690-92), C. P. Thunherg (1775- 

 76), and Phili|)p Franz von Siebold (1823-30), who devoted their 

 energies to the study of natural history. It was indeed the second of 

 the thi-ee who first introduced to us the system of Linne. The last 

 published, in conjunction with C. J. Temminck, H. Schlegcl and W. 

 de Haan, the well known " Famia Japonica " which appeared at 

 various dates between 1834 and 1851. 



With the Eestoration, the old school of natural history was almost 

 swept away, and the study of modern zoology took form with the 

 creation of the Chair of Zoology in the 1'okyo University in 1877. 

 Two American scholars, E. S. Morse and (J. 0. Whitman, were the 

 successive occupants of that chair, and stood sponsors to the modern 

 school of zoology in this country. 



Since 1881, the development of zoology has been almost entirely 

 in the hands of Japanese, though due credit must be given to a 

 number of foreign zoologists, such as Blakiston, Doderlein, Hilgendorf, 

 Jordan, Pryer, Seebohni, Stejneger, Swinhoe, Thomas, and others. 

 The spirit of earnest study which signalized the natural history school 

 of the pre-restoration days is happily revived, but with greater facili- 

 ties for successful achievement. Though less than 50 years have pass- 

 ed since the " new departure," the decided progress in the faimal 

 exploration of this country may be said to be rather extraordinary. 

 So far as concerns our present knowledge, the. approximate nunjber of 

 known sjiecies and varieties in some principal animal groups may be 

 stated as follows :- 



mammals 270, amphibians 80, 



birds 800, fishes 2,500, 



reptiles 110, insects 10,500. 



The zoogeographic studies, or the determinations of faunal areas, 

 along with the pursuit of their interrelationship, involve a more vexed 

 problem than the mere enunjeration of living animals. The distribu- 



