1]2 ToKio Kaei;rakt 



island are the salmons, which form one of the most important of the 

 fisheries. Experiments in the artificial propagation of the salmon are 

 now going on. 



Passing on to the insect fauna, we find it with a large numhor 

 of species which inhabit also Saghalien and Amm-land. Of butterflies 

 we have several species of a Eurasian character, of which the following 

 are those which do not appear in Honshu : Farnassis stuhhendorfii 

 lioenei, Aporia crato.egi, Coenonympha hero perseis, Limemtis sydyi 

 latefasciata, Argynnis selene saclialincnsis, Ar. thore horealis, Aras- 

 clinia levana, Lycoena orion orion, etc. With them are associated some 

 Eastasian and Oriental forms. Pojpilio sorpedon, Pap. macilentus, Po^p. 

 alcinous, and Danais tytia nipponica are considered as the species with 

 Oriental affinities. 



Frequently to be met with are such freshwater bivalve shells as 

 Corhicida japonica, Pisidium joponicum, Cristaria plicata, Anodonia 

 a.rcaeformis, and Morgaritina margaritifera. Of these the last species 

 ranges over to the southern Kuriles, while some of the others ap].!ear 

 in Japan proper. 



Notwithstanding an indication of the mixed fauna of two different 

 elements, Eurasian and Eastasian, there can be seen a series of far 

 more remarkable similarities in character between Hokkaido and Sagha- 

 lien than between Hokkaido and Honshu. This appears to stand in 

 favour of the view that the Tsugaru strait forms a marked line of 

 demarcation in the distribution of animals of the said different 

 characters. 



Korea. — In the Korean peninsula the fauna belongs decidedly 

 to the Palaearctic region, but with a small number of Oriental types. 

 Of its animal forms a large number make their appearance in Japan 

 proper. Of mammals it possesses more than 50 species, of which 

 about a half are like those found in adjacent countries, such as China 

 and Siberia. The species and varieties w^hich are considered as peculiar 

 are numerous, comprising Lepus coreanus, Evotomys regidus, CricetuAis 

 nestor, Sciurns vulgaris corean^is, Eutamias orientalis, Scinropterus 

 alco, Canis lupus coreanus, VuTpes peculiosns, Melcs melanogenys, 

 CJiarronia Jfavignla koreana, 31artes melawpms coreeniis, Felis tigris 

 coreensis, Hydropotes argyropus, Bloschus moscli'i/erus parvipes, 

 Nemorhaedns raddeana , etc. 



Of birds we are now acquainted with more than 300 species and 

 varieties, of which the majority are almost or quite identical with 



