ON THE FAUNA OF JAPAN. 113 



tliose of the coutinent. The endemic species are comparatively few, 

 amounting to 8. Such as SMa canadensis corea, Drgocopus martius 

 morii, Strix aluco nivicola, Troglodytes troglodytes •peninsulae, Tlial- 

 lasoaetus pelagicus nigcr, Ftcus canns griseoviridis, etc. 



Eecorcled from the peninsula are aLout 16 species of reptiles, most 

 of which are not discovered in Japan proper. Such species are 

 Hemidactylusfrenatus, Tahydromus amurensis, Ereniias argiis, Natrix 

 tigerina lateralis, Elapke rufodorsaia, Zamensis spinalis, AgJcistrodon 

 blomJioffii hrevicaudus, etc. 



Coniing to the fauna of amphibians we find it with many species 

 which are known to occur on the adjacent mainland. Of those the 

 following forms remain as residents : Bufo hnfo asiaticus, Bana 

 nigromaculata horeana, Hyla ar'horea stepheni, OnycJiodactylus fisdieri, 

 etc. The characteristic species are Cacopoides tornitri, E. tempora.ria 

 koreana, Hynohius leechii, etc. 



Very little is known of the freshwater fishes, most of which 

 belong to those found on the adjacent land, such as Pygosteus sinensis, 

 Gohio golio, Ladislavia taczanowskii, etc. The species supposed to 

 be peculiar are Liohagrus andersoni, Gnathopogon coreamis, Siniperca 

 aequiformis, etc. 



Dwelling on the peninsula are found a large number of butterflies, 

 which are in large proportion species inhabiting the immediately 

 surrounding countries, China and Siberia, for example, Aporia liippia, 

 Tpthima. motsclndshyi, Lethe sicelis, Sericinus telamon, Pieris daplidice, 

 Apatura iris amurensis, etc. An interesting feature here met with is 

 the appearance of Palaearctic forms quite identical with, or allied to 

 those which are found in Hokkaido. Intermingled with them are 

 seen such Oriental types as Papilio protenor demetrius, Eurema, hecabe, 

 E. locta, Dicliorragia nesimachus nesiotes, and others, some of which 

 range over to Japan proper. 



Freshwater bivalve shells are here represented by Corbicvla elatior, 

 Cristaria parvula, Anodorda. ivoodiana, suhtetragona, Nodidaria dou- 

 glatisiae, etc. 



In comparing the faunas of northern Korea and of Hokkaido, one 

 is struck with the identity or similarity of several species of frogs, 

 freshwater fishes, and insects. 



Here then we come to glance at the general character of the fauna 

 in Tsushima which is separated from the peninsula by the west channel 

 of the Tsushima strait. Some naturalists insist upon the close affinity 



