j|4 ToKio Kaburaki 



of its fauna to Kyushu, in company with Iki which belongs zoologi- 

 cally to the latter. Putting great stress upon the occurrence of Felis 

 microtis, Mustela sihirica, Thriponax ricliardsi, Dinodon rufozonatum, 

 Bomhina orientalis, and others, however, we think that this island 

 must be considered as forming the southern oat-post of the Korean 

 section. The animals which are supposed to be peculiar to the island 

 are as follows : UrotricJms talpoides adversus, Apodemus geisha sagax, 

 31icromys minutus aohi, Martes melo^mpus tsuensis, and 31yotis 

 tsuensis in mammals; Yungipicus Jdzuki kotataJci, Garruhis glandarius 

 namiyei, and Periparus ater teraoJcai in birds ; Bana tsushimaensis, 

 Uynohius tsuensis, and H. tagoi in amphibians. Here mention should 

 be made of Tristram's woodpecker ( Thriponax ricliardsi) which is 

 limited in disti'ibution to the island and Korea. Owing to indiscrimi- 

 nate shooting to meet the demand abroad for specimens of its skin, 

 in 1896-1901, it is in danger of extinction on the island. In 1922, 

 it was specified as a ''natural monument" and its thorough protection 

 authorized. 



Japan proper, — Japan proper consists of the three main islands 



of Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu, in close proximity to which lie a 

 number of important islands. Considering Japan proper as distinct, 

 we find it with an exceedingly rich and varied fauna which presents 

 indications of there having been two or more lines of migration at 

 different epochs. The majority of its animals are related to those of 

 the two Palaearctic subregions, viz. Eurasian and Eastasian, either as 

 identical or allied species, but a small number are of an Oriental 

 character. 



Of mammals there are known more than 60 species, of which the 

 majority are almost or quite identical with those of the Eastasian 

 subregion, but a small number are either of an Oriental or of a 

 Eurasian character. The forms with Oriental affinities are invariably 

 confined to the south of the Tsugaru strait. This similarity can also 

 be traced to Eastasian elements, such as Mogera wognra wogiira, 

 the mole-shrew, GUrulus Japomcus, Sciurus lis, ScinroiAerus momonga 

 aonygdali, Canis lupus hondophylax, Vulpes japonicus, and Ileles 

 anahuma. Of course, there are some Eastasian elements making their 

 way to Hokkaido, but much less in number as compared with the 

 Eurasian types from the north. Sorex shinto shiiito, S. haiuJceri, the 

 hares, Mustela erminea nippon, M. rixosa namiyei, and Cervms matsu- 



