ON th/l fauna of japan. 119 



the former being far more unmerous than the latter. The mammals 

 which have hitherto been discovered are more than 60 in number, 

 while, those which ap|)ear to be peculiar amount to 45, of which the 

 majority may be considered as being only varieties of species found in 

 the Oriental and Palaearctic regions, such as the mole, hare, squirrels, 

 large flying squirrels, Ursus tihetanusformosanus, Helictis snhaurantiaca , 

 Charronia flavignla xanfhospila, 31untiacus reevesi micrurus, etc. 

 The following species are those which are not found outside of the 

 island : Fetaurista grancUs, P. pectoralis, P. hna, Pferopns foronosus, 

 Macaco, formosa.na, Paradoxuris larvatus, etc. The squamata is 

 represented by a single ant-eater, 31ams pentadactyla. 



Of birds we find more than 330 species and varieties, of which 

 33 are common to the island, China, and the Philippinesj and about 

 87 belong to peculiar forms. Some of the latter are Neocalophasis 

 mikado, Hierophasis sivinhoii, Otus liamhroechi , Glaucidiumpardcdotum, 

 Strix neioarensis ccdu/atus, Gyanops nuchalis, Picus ca.mis tancolo, 

 Yungipicus ivatter&i, Pycnonotus sinensis formosae, Spizixiis cinerei- 

 capillus, Myiophonus insula.ris, Lanthia goodfellowi, Brachypteryx good- 

 felloivi, TroclioJopttron tatwanum, Coptia hraunictna, Urocissct caeridea, 

 Dicaeum formosiim, and Pyrrhidn erytliaca orizanica. One of the 

 most notable species is the niikado pheasant, which lives in the high 

 mountain districts, such as Arizan and 'Niitaka. 



More than 65 species of reptiles and amphibians are now known 

 to inhabit the island, of which the majority are the same species as 

 are found on the adjacent land and islands. The characteristic species 

 are Japalura sioinJionis, Eumeces elega.ns, Tahydromns formosanus, 

 Natrix sivinlionis, Hoi or clius formosanus, Dinodon septentrionale, Cala- 

 maria herezoiosMi , Boiga kroepelini, Trimeresiirus onucrosquamatus, 

 etc. amongst reptiles ; Biifo banJcorensis, Microliylo. stejnegeri, liana 

 rugidosa, Eliacopliorus rohistus, Ph. ouoIfrecJtti, Hynohius sonani, etc. 

 amongst amphibians. Frequently to be met with is Tr. gronvineus, a 

 poisonous snake, which is of an almost uniform green colour and is 

 widely distributed in tropical districts. 



The list of freshwater fishes is a rich one, presenting us. with 

 about 70 species. Putting aside a few species which are capable of 

 inhabiting both fresh- and brackish-waters, and some others, 52 species 

 may serve, according to Oshima, as basis for the consideration of 

 the faunal relations. Of these, 27 are forms which are supposed to 

 be of an Oriental character, and the remainder exhibit Palaearctic 



