]22 ToKio Kaburaki 



mvjolvensis and liana ijimae ; in the Okinawa JR. {shi'Jcaiaae, B. 

 namiyei, Bomhina Jiolsti, and Bhacopliorus owstoni ; and in the 

 Amami-Oshima HyJa halloioelli and Bahina suhaspersa. Eecorded 

 hitherto are only two species of salamanders, such as Diemictylus 

 encicaAtda and Tylototriton andersoni, which range over the latter two 

 subgroups. 



The list of freshwater fishes is extremely poor, including Oryzia 

 lafipes Fhda alba, Plecoglossus aUiveUs, and others, which are also 

 found on the adjacent land and islands. An interesting species here 

 met with in abundance is Ma.cropodus opercidaris. 



As is the case with other classes, the insect fliuna comprises two 

 principal groups, one Oriental, the other Palaearctic. Of the butterflies 

 recorded hitherto the majority are representatives of forms found in 

 India, the Malay peninsula, China, the Philippines, and Formosa. Ac- 

 cording to Fritze and Sonan, about four-fifths of the whole belong to 

 the Indo-Malayan forms, and the species which are worthy of notice are 

 Tapilio helnus, Pap. oneonnon, Hehomia (jlaucippe, Be&tia leuconoe, 

 Kallima inaclvis, Cyrcstis fhyodaonas, HypoUmnas holina, Choraxes 

 iveisonanm, etc. 



Of freshwater bivalve shells we have three such species as Oyrena 

 hichuana, G. flssidens, and C. yaeyamaensis. Of these the first is also 

 found near Kagoshima.. 



The Bonin Group. — This oceanic island group, together with the 

 Sul^ilxur group, shows tropical features in its fauna and floi-a, possessing 

 a number of endemic animal forms. Quite the most remarkable of 

 mammals is Pteropiis pseJaplion which flourishes here. Notwithstand- 

 ing its introduction in 1853, Cervus unicolor presents well-marked 

 subspecific differences, and is now found to occur in a wild state. 

 One of the most notable features of the fauna of the said island 

 groups is the fair abundance of l)irds. Each group presents us with 

 some endemic species. Thus, in the Bonin group, Aegithocichla ter- 

 restris, Chavynoprodus ferreirostris, Horornis cantons diphone, Apalo- 

 pte^'on famil'mre, MicrosceUs amaurotis squamiceps, Jantlioenas jantliina 

 versicolor, and in the Pidjihur, Zoderops pcdpehrosa ala.ni, Poliolimnas 

 cinereus hrevipes, 31icr. amaur. magnirostris, and others are regarded 

 as peculiar to those groups. Of the above named species in the former 

 group the first two are extinct. CryptoNepharus hoidonii is the only 

 one representative of reptiles found in the Bonins. Poverty is also true 

 in the case of freshwater fishes, the n}ost notable being AnguiUo 



