138 Akira. Matsumura 



lecting them in a few prescribed Ainu villages for the purpose of 

 better protection. Those in Chishima are very few in number and 

 do not exceed one hundred. In Hokkaido, as a result of daily contact 

 with the Japanese, they are greatly mixed and are fast changing their 

 customs and manners to accord with the fashion of the Japanese 

 neig hours. 



As to the position of the Ainu in the ethnic system, there is no 

 consensus of opinion. It was, and still is, a comuidrum in anthro- 

 pology. Years ago the view that the Ainu formed a " Eace Island " 

 was put forward by Y. Koganei. 



The Gilyaks, whose home is in the Amur region of Siberia, are 

 also found along the Poronai River in the southern part of the Japan- 

 ese possession in Saghalien. They call themselves " Nickbun " and 

 were reported in 1925 to be 77 in all, 40 being males and 37 females. 

 Their afiHnity with other races is not clear, and they are simply 

 classed as one of the palae-Asiatics. 



The OroJces who inhabit the same region in Saghalien as the 

 Gilyaks, are also immigrants from the mainland of Asia. They are a 

 branch of the Tungusic group, but are said to show a considerable 

 influence of the Ainu, Gilyaks and also of the Russians. 



The inhoMtants of Formosa may be roughly divided into two 

 groups., one is chiefly made up of the Chinese immigrants from 

 Kwan-tung and Fo-kien provinces, and occupies the lowland districts 

 and the western half of the island ; and the other is made up of the 

 wild hill-tribes inhabiting the mountainous eastern half, and is the 

 more aboriginal of the two. These, on the basis of physical anthro- 

 pology, ethnology and linguistics, are usually subdivided into eight 

 tribes, namely : Taiyal, Seddaka, Saiset, Tsuou, Bunun, Paiwan, Ami 

 and Yami. They are estimated to be about 130,000 in number and 

 to belong either to Malay, or to the Indonesian family. 



The Natives of Micronesia :- Micronesia which is uuder our 

 mandatory administration, as is well known, consists of innumerable 

 small islands, souje of which are uninhabited ; hence, the native 

 population is only about 49,000. The natives of Saipan, Palau, Yap, 

 Truk, Ponape, Kusaie, Jaluit, etc., constitute the main part of the 

 population. They are usually divided into two ethnic groups. One is 

 known as the Chamorros and is chiefly found in Saipan, although 

 some have emigrated to the islands of Palau and Yaj), and comprises 

 about 2,800 in all according to the census of 1923. The other, com- 



