238 Y. Fujikawa 



He also gave clinical instruction at the private homes of the official 

 interpreters Narabayashi and Yoshio. Among the famous doctors who 

 thus obtained instruction from Siebold, were such well-known men as 

 Totsuka Seikai, Ito Genboku, Takeuchi Gendo, Haniu Gentaku, 

 Takano Choei, and Taka Ryosai. Before this, Japanese medical men 

 had studied European medicine chiefly through the medium of printed 

 books. Now they began to learn medicine in direct and personal 

 touch with the Dutch authority at actual clinics. Siebold thus made 

 the medical learning of Japan more practical than before, contributing 

 jenormously to the progress of the science. 



In 1824, Siebold ordered the vaccine lymph from Java and tried 

 Jenner's vaccination. The result was negative. In 1837 Lischur again 

 imported the lymph from Java and the result was again negative. 

 However, in 1848 Mohnike succeeded in importing an efficacious lymph 

 and in getting the desired result of vaccination. The practice of 

 vaccination began to spread now for the first time in this country, 

 encountering at the outset much opposition. In time, its beneficial 

 effect was recognized on all sides and the practice has at last become 

 customary in the country. 



Hagemann's Dutch version of the " Enchiridion medicine " by the 

 German doctor Hufeland was imported to Japan and Ogata Koan 

 translated the part on praxis and published it in 1843 under the 

 title " Hufeland's Keiken-Ikun " {'' Advices from Experience "). The 

 part on medicaments was translated by Sugita Seikei under the title 

 Saisei-Sawpo (•' Three Recipes for Life Saving "). The part on 

 medical discipline was translated also by Sugita Seikei. Thus, Hufe- 

 land's books became a necessary part of the library of Japanese doctors 

 and had a profound infl.uence on the profession. 



The first translation of a European work on surgery was Otsuki 

 Gentaku's Yoi-SMnsho (''A New Manual of Surgery") published in 

 1822. Its original was a work by Lorenz Heister. The most popular 

 parts which were widely read, were those on bandage and Venesection. 

 Sugita Kincho's complete version of Plenck's Oompendivm Institiomtm 

 CMrurgicum was published in 1832 in five volumes under the title Yoi 

 Shimen ('' A New Treatise on Surgery "). 



The European art of surgery was first transmitted to Japan in 

 a rough and fragmentary manner by the importation of the surgical 

 art of the " Southern Foreigners ". It was restricted to small opera- 

 tions such as venesection, the cutting of tumors, and the application 



