A BRIEF OUTLINE OP THE HISTORY OP MEDICINE IN JAPAN 241 



respectively. 



At the time oi tiie Ptestoratiou iu the begiiinig of the Meiji era, 

 the Medical school in Tokyo originally controlled Ly the Tokngawa 

 government, was closed. Soon after, the Imperial government fonnded 

 a hospital iu Tokyo to which a medical college was attached and an 

 English surgeon, Dr. Willis, was appointed to professorship in it. On 

 the proposal of Dr. Iwasa Jun, the Director of the college, Sagara 

 Koan, decided to invite professors from Germany. As a result of 

 this invitation, Drs. Miiller and Hoffmann came to Japan in 1871. 

 New regulations and curricula for medical study were formulated 

 and Drs. Wernich, Gierke, Schulz, Danitz, Langgard, Disse, Ziegel, 

 Scriba, and Baelz succeeded each other in the professorial chair. A 

 system of medical education was thus established according to the 

 German model. 



Besides the medical college -of Tokyo University, there were also 

 hospitals belonging to the Army, to tlie Navy and to the local pre- 

 fectural offices where Dutch, English and American doctors served as 

 physicians and professors. Among these latter, the following deserve 

 s[)ecial mention : 



Dr. Wheeler (1871—1874) in the Naval Hospital of Tokyo. 



Dr. Anderson (1872—1879),, „ 



Dr. Massais in the Tokyo Prefectural Hospital. 



Dr. Manning,, „ „ „ 



Dr. Benkema,, „ „ „ „ 



Dr. Eldridge in Yokohama. 



Dr. Ermerins (Dutch) in the Osaka Prefectural Hosjutal, 



Dr. Junker von Langegg (1872 — 1876). 



Dr. Scheube (1877—1881) in the Kyoto Prefectural Hospital. 



Dr. Jung bans in Nagoya. 



Dr. R(»retz in Nagoya. 

 In the well-nigh sixty years that have elapsed since niedical 

 professors were first invited from Germany in tlie beginning of the 

 Meiji era, medical science in Japan has made wonderful progress. 

 Today we have medical departments in the Imperial Universities of 

 Tokyo, Kyoto, Fukuoka, and Sendai l)esides the prefectural colleges of 

 medicine in Chiba, Kumamoto, and Nagasaki. In addition to these 

 institutions controlled by the national and local governments, there 

 are six medical schools founded l)y private endowment. Of these 

 latter, one forms part of a Uni\'ersity, two are independant sdiools of 



