112 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 11 
invaded, But southern California was much slower to be populated. English 
Sparrows were first reported from Santa Barbara in 1909 (Torrey, Condor, 
x1, 1909, p. 208); from Bakersfield in 1901, and Tehachapi, Kern County, in 
1903 (Howard, Condor, vii, 1906, p. 67) ; from Newhall, Los Angeles County, 
in 1906 (Law, Condor, rx, 1907, p. 28) ; from Oxnard, Ventura County, in 1905 
(Willett, Pac. Coast, Avif. no. 7, 1912, p. 76); from Simi Valley, Ventura 
County, in 1907 (Willett, loc. cit.) ; from Santa Paula, Ventura County, in 1910 
(Willett, loc. cit.) ; from the city of Los Angeles in 1907 (Willett, loc. cit.) 5” 
from Long Beach, September, 1911 (L. W. Welch, MS); from Corona, River- 
side County, October, 1913 (L. H. Miller, MS) ; San Bernardino in 1912 (W. M. 
Pierce, MS); San Diego, November, 1913 (Ingersoll, MS); from Banning, 
Riverside County, in 1910 (Willett, loc. cit.). 
The ability of this bird to stand almost any climatic extreme, both as to 
temperature and humidity, is astonishing; as witness the following established 
colonies: Crescent City, Del Norte County, 1905 (Ferry, Condor, x, 1908, p. 
42); Needles, San Bernardino County, 1910 (J. Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Publ. 
Zool., xu, 1914, p. 166) ; Sisson, Siskiyou County, 1911 (H. C. Bryant, Condor, 
xu, 1911, p. 205) ; Holtville, Imperial County, 1910 (H. C. Bryant, MS). The 
English Sparrow thus stands not for climatic barriers; neither does it hesitate 
to cross broad water-ways, for it has recently been found on the Farallon 
Islands (Dawson, Condor, xm, 1911, p. 181). This is the only exotic species, 
‘“introduced’’ or otherwise, which has firmly established itself as a member of 
the state’s avifauna within our history. 
334 (536a) Calcarius lapponicus alascensis Ridgway 
ALASKA LONGSPUR 
Status—Two instances: female, False Bay, San Diego County, October 2, 
1909 (F. Stephens, Condor, x11, 1910, p. 44) ; female, Gunther’s Island, Eureka, 
October 2, 1909 (Marsden, Condor, xu, 1910, p. 110): both on the same date, 
and both on the seacoast, though 350 miles apart longitudinally. Mr. Stephens’s 
specimen is now no. 6411 of his collection. Mr. Marsden’s is now no. 20809 in 
the L. B. Bishop collection. 
335 (540a) Pooecetes gramineus confinis Baird 
WESTERN VESPER SPARROW 
Synonyms—Zonotrichia graminea, part; Emberiza graminea; Poocaetes 
graminea; Grass Finch; Bay-winged Bunting. 
Status—Fairly common in summer locally in high Upper Sonoran and 
Transition east of the Sierran divide: Modoe County (Mus. Vert. Zool.) south to 
head of Owens Valley, White Mountains and Inyo Mountains (A. K. Fisher, N. 
Amer. Fauna no. 7, 1893, p. 85); also on several high Sierran meadows within 
thirty miles south of Mount Whitney (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Common in winter in 
the valleys of the San Diegan district northwest to Santa Barbara; more sparing- 
ly on the deserts and in the San Joaquin Valley region north to Fresno County 
(Tyler, Condor, x1, 1911, p. 76), and Paicines, San Benito County (J. and J. 
W. Mailliard, Condor, m, 1901, p. 124). 
