SURVEYING THE EOUTE. 15 



and fresh holding down bolt holes for use when the apparatus 

 is in the inboard position. 



As the steam and exhaust pipes must be disconnected when- 

 the apparatus is to be withdrawn, short bends are provided on 

 these pipes next the engine, which can be uncoupled, leaving 

 the apparatus free for moving. These short bends are seen in 

 the illustration (Fig. 11). For reeling in the wire the gear 

 may be put back to the overhanging position and the steam 

 and exhaust bends coupled up, or special templet bends suitable for 

 connection to the engine in the inboard position may be provided. 



In this machine the tension of the spring G (Fig. 8) for 

 setting up the brake can be increased for greater depths by 

 means of the hand wheel seen at the top of the machine and 

 locked in any required position by a hand lock screw. A scal& 

 of depths is fixed to indicate the proper position of the tension 

 screw for various depths. There is also the useful adjustment 

 of a right and left handed screw for shortening or lengthening 

 the rod attached to brake strap. 



Another form of sounding machine which has been very 

 successful in deep sea work is that designed and manufactured 

 by Messrs. Johnson and Phillips, of London. This machine, 

 as will be seen by the illustration (Fig. 12), is fitted with a 

 small steam engine for reeling in the sounding wire. There 

 are three shafts — viz., that of the engine, wire drum, and 

 measuring wheel — and these are connected by two endless ropes 

 and sets of speed-reducing pulleys. The engine drives the 

 measuring wheel shaft by one band and this shaft drives th& 

 drum through the other. As will be seen, there are two 

 pulleys, adjustable in a vertical direction, for tightening the 

 ropes. The pulleys on the drum and measuring wheel shafts 

 bear the same ratio of diameters as those of the wheel and 

 drum, so that the two latter are driven at the same circum- 

 ferential speed. It is recommended to mount the machine on 

 a spring bar supported on the ship's rail, and carrying also a 

 leading wheel. Springs attached to the inboard end of the 

 bar to be secured to an eye on deck, allowing the bar to 

 compensate for the motion of the ship. When the engine 

 is not required, as in paying out, the rope pulleys must be 

 thrown out of gear by the clutches G G. The wire is then led 

 from the drum and two or three turns taken round the 



