294 



SUBMARINE CABLE LAYING AND REPAIRING. 



of different sizes, the largest being below. These fit over the 

 cone in the tank, as shown in Fig. 177, the cable passing 

 upwards between the rings and the cone. Mr. E. S. Newall, of 

 Sunderland, first introduced the use of the cone and. rings in 

 fitting up the earliest cable ships. Before the cone was intro- 

 duced, it was not uncommon for one of the inner turns to 

 slip down in the centre, and when lifted either jam or form 

 a kink. The cone shown in the sketch is telescopic, so that 

 its height can be regulated to the amount of cable coiled, and 

 thus economise space above cable. 



Each turn of the cable as it is originally coiled in tank receives 

 a twist in its own diameter or round itself, and the act of imcoil- 

 ing puts a reverse twist in each turn. The two twists, which 

 may be situated a considerable distance apart, neutralise each 



Fig. 177. — Cones and Rings in Cable Tank. 



Other when the cable is loosely suspended after being lifted from 

 the coils, and the agitation of the cable between the two twists 

 as the turn goes out is always noticeable. If the cable is not 

 allowed free play as it passes upwards from the level of the 

 coils to the bellmouth above the tank, the turn formed by the 

 twists at coiling and uncoiling may not go out, but be carried 

 on further as the cable passes the pulleys on deck. By means of 

 the crinoline the cable is guided almost vertically from the level 

 of the coils to the bellmouth above the tank. The rings, 



