CONTENTS 



Page 



Acknowledgments v 



Introduction i 



Importance of the Simuliidae 4 



Pests 4 



Transmission of diseases 6 



Epidemiology 6 



Geography and climate 7 



Guatemala 7 



Onchocerciasis zones 1 1 



The inhabitants, their occupations and customs 26 



Plant associations 34 



Animal associations 37 



Reservoirs and vectors 37 



Predators of the Simuliidae 48 



Parasitism of the Simuliidae 49 



The streams 50 



Formation of the streams 51 



Classification of permanent streams by morphological age 53 



The stream bed 56 



Summary 56 



Entomology studies in Guatemala 57 



Taxonomy of the Guatemalan Simuliidae 60 



Techniques for collection and preparation of material 60 



Terms used in the keys and descriptions 62 



Keys to the Simuliidae of Guatemala 68 



Descriptions of the Guatemalan species 89 



Genus Cnephia Enderlein, 1921 89 



Genus Gigantodax Enderlein, 1925 102 



Genus Simulkim Latreille, 1802 112 



Other Simuliiim species commonly referred to in the literature as being 



present in Guatemala 275 



Distribution of the Guatemalan Simuliidae 275 



Departmental distribution according to species 276 



Species distribution according to departments 302 



Life history 306 



General 307 



Methods used for studying life histories 308 



Principal anthropophilic species 309 



Simulium (S.) ochracenni Walker 309 



Sitnulium (S.) mctalliciim Bellardi 310 



Simulium (L.) callidum (Dyer and Shannon) 312 



Other species 313 



iii 



