32 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 43 



had '* gone back to Opelousas," As the parents of these men had died 

 when both were 3'oung, they could tell little about the languages which 

 they had used, but after considerable thought Johnson recalled the 

 following words, though he could not be certain whether they be- 

 longed to his father's language or to that of his mother: 



Nogwa', mad. I'no iskO', my mother. 



Noksouipa', anything wild. Maleli', to run (like a horse or other 



I'no i'nke, my father. animal). 



To'pa, sick. Takobe', lazy. 



Teitokso', or iskiti'nt, little. Pfi'skus teitokso', bahics." 



7\utoA'S(/ was said to be used more often than hkUi'm. The most of 

 these are at once recognizable as Choctaw. The exceptions are to'jm, 

 which perhaps reall}^ means 'bed; ' tqkohe\ which resembles taJcoha, 

 'belly,' and tcHohso' ^ which may, however, mean " what is not large." 

 Since these words are not Biloxi, it follows either that they belonged 

 to the Pascagoula language, which would thus have been a Mus- 

 khogean dialect, or, what is more probable, to the Mobilian trade 

 language. In the latter case, however, the fact that it was employed 

 b}^ a Biloxi and a Pascagoula in conversation is evidence that the 

 languages of the two tribes Avere not enough alike to enable members 

 of the two to converse easily. This would indicate that the Pas- 

 cagoula language w^as probablj' not Siouan, and that being the case 

 the chances are in favor of a Muskhogean relationship, all the more 

 that the name which this tribe always bears is j^lainly Choctaw. 



The Naniaba, sometimes called Gens des Fourches, because they 

 lived opposite the junction of the Tombigbee and Alabama rivers, 

 are spoken of in but few^ places. They were evidently a division either 

 of the Mobile or the Tohome. The Pensacola lived about the bay of 

 the same name. They early disappeared from history, and all the 

 evidence we have regarding their relationship is their Choctaw name, 

 Pa"ca-o]da^ ' Hair people,' and the fact that they were surrounded 

 on all sides by tribes of known Muskhogean lineage. 



Beyond them, on the lower course of Apalachicola river, was a 

 group of tribes known to the Spaniards by the same name as the 

 stream itself. Iberville intimates that before 1702 some of these had 

 joined the lower Creeks in order to trade with the English.'' but a 

 map secured by the historian Berkele}^ in 1708 from a Tawasa Indian 

 who had been carried aw^ay captive, and reproduced by D. I. Bushnell 

 in the American Antlivofolofjht^ gives the following 10 "nations" 

 or villages as existing on that river just before the year 170G:^ 

 Towasa, Socsooky, Pouhka, Tomooka, Sowoolla, Auledly, Ephip- 

 pick, Ogolaughoos, Choctouh, and Sonepah. Towasa and Choctouh 



" i is pronounced like x in h\U; like c in {vn ; a like a in assist. 



fr Marfjcry, Decouvertes, IV, 594. 



•^ nuslindl, The Account of I.amliatty, in Aiiicr. Anihvop., n. s., x, .'■)(iS-r)74, 1008. 



