C REPORT OF THE BUREAU OF ETHNOLOGY 



rank of the clansmen and perpetuates the system of organiza- 

 tion; and when several tribes unite and camp together the 

 tribes themselves are arranged in fixed and invariable order, 

 expressing and perpetuating their social and civil law. This 

 subject has been dealt with by Mr Dorsey, and also by the 

 Director, in previous reports; but the various known details 

 concerning the social system of the Siouan Indians are now 

 for the first time brought together in complete form. These 

 details appear in the accompanying paper, while some of the 

 general principles are set forth in the brief treatise on regi- 

 mentation forming part of this administrative report. 



TUSAXAX KATCITs^AS 



As exploration was pushed over the southwestern portion of 

 the country a quarter of a century ago, the Pueblo peoples 

 began to attract attention; and when the early observations 

 indicated that these aborigines of the semideserts are charac- 

 terized by a more advanced culture than that of the tribes 

 inhabiting the fertile plains and fruitful woodlands, and also 

 by a remarkably elaborate system of belief and ceremonial, 

 profoinid interest Avas excited among intelligent people, and 

 many travelers from eastern United States, and even from 

 Europe, sought opportunities for visiting the Pueblos and wit- 

 nessing the ceremonial dances. Among tlie earliest scientific 

 students of the Pueblos were the Director and several collab- 

 orators, at first of the United States Geographical and Geolog- 

 ical Survey of the Rocky Mountain Region, and afterward of 

 the Bureau of Ethnology; and a number of papers on the 

 Pueblo Indians were published in the earl}' reports of the 

 Bureau. These publications still further augmented interest 

 in the Pueblo peoples, and ainong those thus attracted was 

 Mrs Mary Hemenwa}', of Boston, a well-known philanthropist 

 and patron of learning. Mrs Hemenway's interest increased as 

 her studies of the subject advanced, and she finally organized, 

 at private cost, a scientific exploration of the Pueblo countrv 

 for the purpose of investigating the people and studying their 

 anticpiities. The fir.st expedition was placed in charg-e of 

 Mr Frank Hamilton Gushing, and the work was prosecuted 

 witli success for two years, when ^Ir Cushing's health failed, 



