ADMINISTRATIVE REPORT CIX 



"mad buffalo;" aud names takeu from the mythology of the 

 buffalo may be used. The clan name or totem is used to distiu- 

 ffuish the members of one clan from the members of another. 

 It is never used in the first and second persons, but always in 

 the third person. In direct address the kinship name express- 

 ing relative age nmst always be used. Uncles in the clan are 

 addressed as "fathers," cousins in the clan as "brothers" and 

 " sisters." 



If two or more tribes unite in a confederacy, the first thing 

 to be considered in the council by which such a confederacy 

 is established is the kinship terms by which one tribe shall 

 address another. Where two unite, one may be called "father" 

 and the other "son," while with the females "mother" and 

 "daughter" are used. One may be called "elder brother" 

 and the other " vovinger brother," with "elder sister" and 

 "younger sister." In coiTipounding many tribes in this manner 

 curious complications arise. 



We thus see that a savage tribe is regimented by kinship 

 through devices of naming, especially fur the clan, tribe, and 

 confederacy, and these names are so constituted that relative 

 age is always expressed, for the elder has rights and the 

 younger duties. 



As in territorial organization special functions are relegated 

 to the several units, so in kinship regimentation special func- 

 tions are relegated severally to the hierarchy of bodies thus 

 constituted — that is, certain ofiices are performed by the clan, 

 others by the tribe, and still others by the confederacy. The 

 possession of property which is exclusively used by the indi- 

 vidual is inherent in the individual, such as clothing, ornaments, 

 and various utensils and implements. Individual jjroperty 

 can not be inherited, l)ut at death is consigned to the grave. 

 That property which belongs to the clan, such as the house, 

 the boat, the garden, etc, inheres in the corporate person. No 

 article of food belongs to the individual, but is the common 

 propert}^ of the clan, and must be divided by the authorities 

 of the clan, often according to some rule by which some special 

 part is given to the person who provides the food. Thus when 

 a hunter dispatches a deer a particular ])ortion is g-iven to him; 



