62 STONE IMPLEMENTS [kt.i.ann. 15 



been extensively worked, ;iiid all anmiid tlic lilutr.s as we appioacli 

 Eock creek valley proper, risiug gradually to the crests of the terrace 

 spurs, flaked stones are found. 



On the southern side of the branch (|uarries occur both cast and 

 west of Fourteenth street at nearly the same level. Much Mork was 

 done near a spring at a point beneath the '"house in the tree" and 

 opposite Spring road, which extends eastward from Fourteenth street. 



East of Fourteenth street the only (|uaiTy of imi)i)rtance is on tlie 

 place of Mr W. J. Ithees. This is on Si)ring road, a few hundred jards 

 from Fourteenth street, as indicated on the map. It is probable that in 

 this vicinity many evidences of ancient (juarrying have been destroyed 

 by building, cultivation, and landscape gardening. In this direction 

 the bowlder beds, dipping gently eastward, descended beyond the 

 reach of primitive quarrymen. 



PINY BRANCH SHOPS 

 (iENERAL Features 



As indicated in describing the quarry phenouii'na, shops in which 

 the bowlders were flaked, were established at convenient points about 

 the pits, and the piles or clusters of flakes, failures, and fragments are 

 very numerous. The undisturbed clusters are often lenticular in form 

 as originally accumulated, and occur within the body of the refuse just 

 as they were covered by (quarry refuse in the progress of the work. 

 Some of those exposed by the trenches have been described and illus- 

 trated incidentally in the description of the quarries, and something 

 may now be said of such as were scattered over the surface of the site. 



In the bank of the rivulet, about 100 feet higher up the stream than 

 the initial point of our first trench, the caving in of the bank has 

 exj)osed a large de])osit of shop debris. It consists in parts of excep- 

 tionally small flakes, fragments, and failures, and was evidently a 

 favorite shop to which much of the selected material from the adja- 

 cent pits was carried.' Other similar shops are found near by, but in 

 most cases the spots are obscured by refuse from above, or are partially 

 obliterated by the sliding or creeping movements constantly acting on 

 the steep declivities. 



Farther away from the pits are what 1 have termed trimming shops. 

 These are on high points, on bits of level terrace, or on the level upjier 

 surface of the plateau. To these places bowlders and fragments, after 

 testing or partial working, were carried to be further trimmed and pos- 

 sibly, in some cases, fully specialized. Small flakes and well-advanced 

 broken blades characterize these spots. It is probable that lodges 

 were i)itched on some of these sites, and it would seem reasonable that 



' During the examination of the site many scientific men visited the spot and examined the trenches 

 and masses of fraf^mental qnartzite, ohserving for themselves the nature and extent of the opera- 

 tions carried on l>y the ancient peoples. Among these were J. W. Ptiwell, P. G. Erinton. Henry 

 Balfour, T. C. Chamberliu, W J JIcGee, .1. A. Holmes. G. K. Gilbert, C. H. Hitchcock, G. Brown 

 Goode. O. T. Mason. Thomas Wilson. H. C. ilercer. and F. W. Putnam. 



