62 STONE IMPLEMENTS [kth.axx.15 



Chesapeake tribes is clearly indicated by John Smith, who, speaking 

 of a Powhatan warrior, says, ''His arrow head he iniickly niakcth with 

 a little bone, which he ever weareth at liis bracert, of any s])lint of a 

 stone, or glasse in the forme of a heart, and these they glew to the end 

 of their arrowes."' This could not apply, of cour.sc. save where thebit 

 of stone already a])])roxiuiated the 2*''oportions and especially the 

 thickness of the article to be made. 



Dkstinv of tme Quahuy I!ladf,.s 



Now, although the blades produced in the (piarry-shops may without 

 moditication have been used for cutting, scraping, i>erforating, and 

 other purposes, I am decidedly of the oi)inion that as a rule they were 

 intended for further elaboration ; this is rendered almost certain, first, 

 by the fact that the most fully shaped broken pieces found on the (puirry- 

 shop sites are but rudely trimmed on points and edges, specimens of 

 like grade being little fitted for use in cutting and scraping; and, 

 second, that all the tens of thousands of specialized forms — spearheads, 

 arrowpoiuts, and perforators — are necessarily specialized from such 

 blades, as shown in a subsequent section. The quarry-workshop was 

 naturally not a place for finishing tools, but one for roughing-out the 

 material and selecting that fitted to be carried away for final shaping. 

 A laborer engaged in such work in a ]iit in the forest would not be 

 likely to throw aside the rough hammer used in fracturing cobble 

 stones to take up and operate an entirely diti'erent kind of machinery, 

 involving a distinct and delicate process. Being a reasoning and prac- 

 tical creatui-e, he would carry away the roughed-out tools, the long, 

 thin blades, to be disposed of or to be finished at his leisure and by what- 

 soever method experience placed at his disposal. 



The quarries, being extensive, were worked somewhat systematically 

 and the product was naturally of great importance to the people con- 

 cerned. The blades made during a prolonged season's work were 

 numerous and were carried to village-sites far and near for use, special- 

 ization, or trade. There would be in their history a period of trans- 

 jjortation attended by storage, and this would explain the cache, an 

 interesting feature of stone-implement phenomena, and one which 

 involves just such blades as were produced in the quarry-shops, 



THE DUMBARTON HEIGHTS QUARRY-SHOPS 



Location 



The second group of quarry-workshops to receive attention is located 

 on the western side of Kock creek, a quarter of a mile north of the new 

 Naval Observatory and a mile and a half southwest of the Piny branch 

 site already described. The quarries occupy a narrow, heavily timbered 

 spur of the Tennallytown ridge and overlook a deep and picturesque 



i 



I 



ijiislury of Vir;;mia. Kichmoiid, 1819, vol. i. p. 132, 



