70 STONE IMPLKMKXTS [etha.vnIS 



of a suitable size Cor llakiiii:. l)iit tlie material is not siitlicieiitly {r'assj*, 

 and tliey are so scattered tliroujiiioiit the great mass of gravel that 

 (luarrying was not encouraged. Workable bowlders were weathered 

 oat in considerable numbers, however, and these were used by the 

 aborigines. Quartz bowlders and i)ebbies were also found in ]ilenty. 

 and in some localities were sutliciently abundant to lead to extensive 

 manufacture. Such a locality occurs on the left bank of the river near 

 the Pennsylvania railway bridge. Here the terrace gravels are tilled 

 with workable pebbles, and many rejects and also Tiiany finished points 

 arc found on the sites, which were dwelling places as well as implement 

 factories. The turtlebacks are often very minute, being in many cases 

 less than an inch in length. iMthougli tlu^ inliabitants of tlie tidewater 

 section of Anacostia river were thus well supjilied near at hand with 

 the ordinary varieties of stones, they jirobably found it advantageous 

 to visit the hills higher up when an unusual sujiply was called for. 



The Potomac bowlder beds, whicli furnisli the best materials in tlie 

 region, outcrop around the slopes of the hills bordering the north- 

 western branch of the Anacostia, 10 miles up. In the vicinity of 

 Eiggs mill, ;>i miles above Uyattsville and a mile northwest of the 

 Maryland Agricultural College, the manufacture of quartzite tools was 

 carried on quite extensively. It has not been ascertained definitely 

 that quarrying was resorted to, but there is a strong probability that 

 such was the case. The bowlder beds are very heavy at this ])oint, 

 and agriculture is much impeded by the millions of rounded stones 

 that come to the surface in the fields. A small percentage of quartz 

 pebbles are intermingled with those of (juartzite. The heaviest de- 

 posits of bowlders occur in the middle slopes about the mill, and the 

 refuse of manufacture is found everywhere. The conditions are much 

 the same as on the llock creek sites. Here, however, all stages of the 

 shaping process are represented, from the tested bowlder with one or 

 two flakes removed to the finished arrowpoint and spearhead. Many 

 l)i('ces have one side worked, others have both sides rough flaked, and 

 a very large number are reduced abnost to the ty])ical (juariy blade. 

 There are here more broken blades — that is, of those apparently almost 

 completed — than at any other point yet examined. At least a hundred 

 were Inund in an hour's search. 



It is worthy of S])ecial note that on these sites a con.siderable amount 

 of specialization was carried on, and some liuished points are found. 

 while there are many fragments of those evidently broken in trimming 

 the edges and tips and in adding the notches; this was not true of the 

 liock creek quarries, Tiiis dilference is accounted lor by the fact that 

 the Anacostian sites were habitable in i)laces, and traces of eucanip- 

 ments where finishing shops were probably established are found at a 

 number of points. The occurreuce of implemeiits and projectile points 

 of exotic materials ou .several of these sites is satisfactory proof of the 

 presence of dwellings. 



