72 STONE IMPLK.MENTS [ethanx. 15 



(luartzite tools is very plentiful on tlui islaiid, and large collections 

 bave Leeu made of these, and of liiiislie<l implements as well, hy Mr 

 W. H. rhillii>s. of Washington. The debris of daking duplicates the 

 refa.se of the (piarries in character. 



There is hardly a village-site on tidewater Potomac where (piartz 

 pebbles were not fonnd and worked, and (he worksli()))s are iminmer- 

 able. It is evident that manufacture was carried on wherever the 

 projier material was obtained, and it is equally clear that the processes 

 emi)loyed and the articles produced were uniform throughout. 



SITES IN JAMES RIVER VALLEY 



The manufacture of (|uart/.ite and ()naitz imi)leuieiits was carried on 

 very extensively in all the ju-iucipal valleys draining into the Oliesa- 

 peake on the west. They are found scattered over the country, and on 

 the more fully occupied sites along the rivers the store of arrowpoints 

 and spearheads seems next to inexhaustible. The great collections 

 made by M. S. Valentine, escjuire, and his sons, in the James and neigh- 

 boring valleys; of Mr C. M. Wallace, mainly about the falls of the 

 James, and of J. II. Wreushall, on Dan river, bear testimony to this. 



i^early all of the stcmcs along Moccasin and Gillys creeks below Rich- 

 mond are of sandstone or soft quartzite, uusuitable for arrow making, 

 and very few chips are found along the banks of either. The banks of 

 Shockoe creek are compose<l mostly of ([uartz aud hard quartzite peb- 

 bles, and the bed of the creek is filled witli them. If any quarrying 

 was ever done liere, no traces of such work have survived the changes 

 due to grading for various improvements. It is probable that the 

 aborigines did very little digging, as the creek would wash out more 

 stone than they could well utilize. Ou the surface, aud especially on 

 the slopes of the park of "Chimborazo," quartz and compact (luartz- 

 ites exist in great plenty, but it is useless to seek for evidences of 

 aboriginal work now. 



Near the ocher mills, about '> miles above the mouth of the Appo- 

 mattox, as also at points on the opposite side of the river, pebbles 

 of ([uartz occur iu the greatest profusion. Ou the blulf bade of the 

 mills the ground is covered with tlakes and spalls, and it appears that 

 much work was done here. 



On a blutt'.?0 feet high between Gravelly run and the mouth of I>aile.\s 

 creek the grouud in the few places where it is exposed is covered with 

 small flakes and chips. It seems to have been a village-site, or at least 

 a place where the implements were finished after being blocked out 

 elsewhere. 



QUARRIES OF THE HIGHLAND 

 MATERIALS gUARRlED 



In a brief and necessarily imperfect mauner the history of stone flak- 

 ing within the valleys of the tidewater region has been sketched in the 

 foregoing pages, liicideiitally it was shown that much of the material 



