HOLMES] PROJECTILE POINTS 85 



following extriU'ts : " Tbey (the Powluituii Indians) vse also long arrowes 

 tyed in[to] a line, wherewith they shoi>te at flsli in the rivers. But 

 they ot AccaicmacJi'e vse stanes like vnto lauelins headed with bone. 

 With these they dart fish swimming in the water."' The Susquehan- 

 nocks, inhabiting the upper Chesapeake, used arrows ''fine quarters 

 long, headed with the splinters of a white christall-like stone, in forme 

 of a heart, an iiifh broad, and an inch and a halfe or more long."* The 

 Powhatan Indians pointed their arrows ''with sjjlinters of cliristall, or 

 some sharpe stone, the spurres of a Turkey, or the bill of some bird."'' 

 Father White mentions the use of spears by some of the Maryland 

 Indians. 



It appears from the writings of Smith and others that great num- 

 bers of arrows were used, and that the natives expended them ou 

 occasion without apparent reserve. The manufacture of the points 

 was undoubtedly a matter of great and vital importance to these 

 people, and much time and labor must have been expended in procur- 

 ing, roughing-out, and transporting the material, and in shaping the 

 implements. 



The projectile points of the Chesapeake province have a wide range 

 in form and size. This is due in a measure to the widely diverse nature 

 of the materials used and to the wide range of use, and partly, no 

 doubt, to the fact that numerous tribes of people have occupied the 

 region or have bequeathed to it their peculiar art forms. Projectile 

 points are fully illustrated in subsequent jjlates. 



NARROW-SHAFTED BLADES — PERFORATORS OR DRILLS 



The so-called perforator or drilling point is a feature of importance 

 in the flakedstone art of the Chesapeake. Tliese objects are derived, 

 as are the ])rojectile points, from leaf-shape blades produced in the 

 ordinary workshops, and are of like form in all materials. They were 

 probably used in some sort of hand drill, e. g., the pump drill in use 

 among many tribes; and it is not uncommon to tind specimens with 

 the points rounded and worn smooth by use; yet we are not at all 

 certain that they were exclusively used as drills, or that they are not 

 really a variety of projectile points well adapted, on accouTit of their 

 shape, to use in drilling. The delicacy and brittleness of many speci- 

 mens must Lave unfitted them for use in the drilling of hard substances. 

 Examples in qnartzite, quartz, and rhyolite are presented, along with 

 the i)rojectile points, in accomiianyiug plates. 



SPECIALIZED BLADES, ETC— SCRAPERS 



Scraping tools were constantly required in the arts of the savage 

 tribes, and the forms developed are uniform over a wide extent of coun- 

 try. In many sections special shapes were made for dressing skins, 



' History of VirgiDia, Kichmonil, 1819, vol. i, p. 133. 

 ■' Ibid, p. 120. 



3 Ibid, p. 132. 



