HOLMES) RHYOLITE IMPLEMENTS 89 



indicate that the original could not have been much short of 12 or 13 

 inches in length. Blades of this general class are all very thin, rarely 

 exceeding three-eighths of an inch in thickness. The plate contains 

 six other blades of varying length and outline. The two larger speci- 

 mens are from the Anaeostia site, near the rennsylvania avenue bridge; 

 the others are from various points in the vicinity of Washington. 



In plate xlv a number of partially or wholly specialized forms are 

 shown. They may be classed as knives or spearheads. Spearheads 

 are well represented in plate xlah, and many smaller projectile points 

 of varied form are seen in plate xlvii. They repeat in a great measure 

 the quartz and quartzite shapes. 



FLINT AND JASPER IMPLEMENTS 



As already remarked of the use of Hint in another place, it does 

 not seem necessary to dwell at length on implements of this mate- 

 rial, since they are comparatively rare, and but repeat the forms seen 

 in other materials. 



Jasper also has a somewhat meager interest in the tidewater pi'ov- 

 ince. Although the sources of this material are not definitely deter- 

 mined, it is safe to conclude that certain large and boldly flaked cache 

 forms found in the Chesapeake country were derived from material in 

 the mass and not from the small blocks or pebbles sometimes found in 

 the gravel deposits of the lower Susquehanna and lower Delaware 

 valleys. 



The only quarries of jasper so far brought to public notice are those 

 discovered and examined by Mr H. O. .Mercer, of the University of 

 Pennsylvania. They are located in Bucks and Lehigh counties, Penn- 

 sylvania. In these localities there is evidence of extensive quarrying 

 and of considerable shaping operations. There can be no doubt that 

 much of the jasper and many of the jasper tools found so plentifully 

 in the Delaware and Susquehanna valleys came from these quarries or 

 others of the same mineral belt, and it is highly probable that the 

 hoards of blades and some of the larger flaked implements of the tide- 

 water country came from these distant sources. It was probably diffi- 

 cult to secure jasper sufficiently massive to pernn't of the manufacture 

 of such blades, and these objects must have represented much labor 

 on the part ot the makers. A noteworthy hoard of large jasper blades 

 was obtained trom a cache in a field near the mouth of South river, 

 Maryland, 120 miles from the nearest known cpiarry. It may be noted, 

 however, that no known quarry produces jasper of the dark-green color 

 characterizing these specimens, which are now in the cabinet of Mr. 

 J. D. McGuire, of Ellicott, Maryland. 



AKaiLLITE IMPLEMENTS 



The conditions of the occurrence of argillite objects and implements 

 in the Chesapeake i:)rovince correspond very closely to those character- 

 izing the occurrence of jasper. The objects are blades, mostly of the 



