90 STONK IMPLEMENTS [kth.axn. 15 



cache type, with au occasional specialized implement. The only source 



of this material known to have been extensively utilized l)y the ancient 

 peoples is on Delaware river some -5 miles above Trenton. Here there 

 are (juarries and roughing-out and specializing shops, and the refuse 

 clearly indicates the manufacture of just such blades as those obtained 

 from caches and on village-sites on tiie shores of Chesapeake bay. 

 Caches of similar blades are found in many parts of Pennsylvaiiia and 

 New Jersey, and there can be no doubt that the i)rodncts of the Berks 

 county (luarries were extensively tlisseminated over the Delaware and 

 Susquehanna valleys, and that some of them were owned and stored 

 in the usual hoards, even so much as 150 miles south of the source of 

 supply. 



In order that the evidences of manufacture as represented by the 

 argillite quarry refuse may be compared with corresponding features 

 in the other (juarries, a series of the rejects from the I'oint Pleasant 

 (Pennsylvania) shops and associated village-sites is represented in 

 plate XLViii. An examination of the specimens of cache clusters from 

 South river, Maryland, makes clear their close relationship with the 

 forms produced in the quarry. 



RUDE FLAKED IMPLEMENTS 



Besides the thin forms of flaked implements which have their genesis 

 through the blade like blank, or through Hakes or fragments of like 

 conformation, there are many heavy forms, some of which may be 

 regarded as extemporized or emergency tools, since they appear to have 

 been made to supply tem])orary or exceptional wants, or for use largely 

 on or near the spot of manufacture only. They may be grouped for 

 description under the following classes: 1, liatchet-Iike tools, made of 

 bowlders by striking otf a few flakes, thus giving a rude edge or point; 

 2, ax like iin])lciuents, made like the tirst but having notches broken in 

 the sides to aid in attaching a handle; their uses were probably cut- 

 ting, hoeing, and the like; .'?, picks and digging tools, much like the 

 preceding and used in (luarrying soapstoiie, as well as in other similar 

 uses; 4, slightly notched bowlders, u.sed as hammers and sledges; 5, 

 liaiiimerstoiies. Where bowlders were not plentiful, implements of cor- 

 resi)0iiding classes were made from ordinary fragments of stone. It 

 seems probable that these ruder implements were in many cases devoted 

 to the same uses subserved by several more highly finished forms, and 

 no doubt specimens could be selected connecting the lower with some 

 of the higher foims by a graduated series. It is the intention to inchide 

 here only such classes or groups of utensils as are made ready for use 

 mainly by processes of fracturing. 



The hatchet like tool, made mainly of bowlders by striking off a few 

 flakes from one end, is found in great numbers in many parts of the 

 region. Though belonging to late times it is extremely archaic in type. 

 It would seem to approach more nearly the iirojier idea of a jtalcolithic 



