loo STONE IMI'LEMKNTS 1ktii.ann.15 



great deal of sliapiiiy was done on the various village-sites about the 

 Little tails of the Potomac and on other streams at the crossing of the 

 fall line. 



The most striking example of this class of site yet observed is located 

 in Page county, Virginia, 2i miles east of Luray. The spot was first 

 visited by IVIr (Jcraid Fowkt! in 1S!)2; but his rci)ort,' dealing with evi- 

 dences of dwelling and mound building, contains slight mention of the 

 phenomena referred to here. The site, which must be that of an im- 

 portant aboriginal village, occupies several acres of bottom land located 

 on the eastern side of Pass creek, a few liundrcd yards above its con- 

 fluence with Hawksbill creek. The only notable topographic feature of 

 the site is a mound some 3 feet high and 200 feet in diameter, in which 

 Mr Fowke found human remains in almost incredible nund)ers, besides 

 occasiomil implements ami utensils deposited with the dead. There are 

 many graves scattered over the terrace, a row "of eight, each containing 

 decayed human bones, together with implements and earthenware, hav- 

 ing been freshly disturbed by the jilow at the time of my visit. The 

 materials utilized in implement making by the inhabitants were derived 

 from great accumulations of pebbles, l)owlders, ami ])artly water worn 

 fragments of rock occurring in the banks and bed of the stream and 

 now exposed where the floods have torn channels through the alluvial 

 bottom; and probably also from deposits of similar but rather coarser 

 materials outcropping in the face of a terrace which rises to a consider- 

 able height from the eastern margin of the narrow bottom. On the 

 village-site about the mound the phenomena of manufacture are more 

 or less confused with those of utilization, but separation of the varied 

 features is in the main possible and easy. The evidence of manufacture 

 consists of large quantities of rejectage, comprising broken masses of 

 stone, tested bowlders and rejects of all stages of development, together 

 with flakes and lianniierstones. The ])henomena of dwelling are — aside 

 from the mounds and graves — arrowpoiuts and spearheads, drills, woru 

 celts and axes, pitted stones, mortars, pestles, and pottery. 



Two princii)al materials were utilized and two distinct classes of 

 implements were nnide, leaving equally distinct varieties of rejectage. 

 Quartzite ""as utilized in making the ordinary flaked tools, mostly pro- 

 jectile points, and th'' ground is tilled with turtlebacks, flakes, and 

 broken blades of riaterial, dui)li(ating the rejectage of the well- 



known tidewater sites. The greenish-gray trap or trap-like rock was 

 employed in the manufacture of battered-abraded tools, mostly celts, 

 and the flat ground about the mound and extending from the stream 

 back to the base of the terrace is strewn with the i-ejectage. This 

 stone occurs in bowlders and irregularly water-worn masses in the 

 banks of the stream and scattered over the flood]>lain, but not to any 

 extent in the higher-cut terraces which represent the Lafayette period. 

 It was assumed, therefore, that the implement rock had a local origin 



' Archeologic luvestiyations iu Jamt's au<l Potomac Valleys. Bull. Bur. of Eth., 1894. 



