HOLMES] MANUFACTURING SHOPS 1(>1 



somewhere within the drainage of Pass creek. Mr W J McGee, wlio 

 acconipauietl lue to the spot, uudertook to trace the material to its 

 source and met with ahnost immediate success. Observing that the 

 particuhir variety of stone did not occur to any notable extent in the 

 beds of neighboring streams, he followed Pass creek to the forks, and 

 there found it oonflncd niaiidy to tlie bed of the middle fork. Ascend- 

 ing this, he soon encountered a body of intrusive rock, a rather coarsely 

 crystalline diabase, not identical save in parts with the rock used by 

 the Indians, whicli is of finer grain and has the appearance of a sedi- 

 mentary slate or shale altered by contact with the intruded mass. 

 It appears, as remarked by Mr McGee, that the spot occupied by the 

 village was probably the only spot to be found on which this stone 

 could be found in forms well suited to the needs of the implement 

 maker, and at the same time in sufiQcient quantity to make extensive 

 manufacture possible. It is not improbable that the village came to 

 be located here as a result of the discovery of these conditions. 



It was found that in nearly all cases the work of shaping by the 

 battering-abrading processes was preceded by flaking the rounded 

 masses into approximate shape. Rejects representing all stages of the 

 work of flaking, pocking, and grinding are found in numbers. There 

 is the bowlder or mass with a few flakes removed in testing, or the 

 shattered fragments resulting from breakage under the preliminary 

 testing or shaping blows; there are hundreds of rejects representing 

 early stages of manipulation, the thick turtleback forms dui)licating 

 in general appearance the corresponding rejectage of projectile point 

 making; there are the approximate blade-like forms but rarely ap- 

 proaching thinness; there are many pieces broken under the flaking 

 hammer at all stages of the work; there are also many specimens in 

 which the i)eckiug has just begun, and others more advanced, and 

 these stages are represented by much breakage under the pecking 

 hammer; Anally, there are the completed implements with ground edges 

 and surfaces, in which the jiecking and grinding has to a large degree 

 obliterated the conchoids of flaking. 



Although the celt is usually classed with the pecked and polished 

 implements, it is readily seen that on this site flaking was of greatest 

 importance as the main difficulties were encountered, the chief shaping 

 work accomplished, within the flaking stage. The pecking removed 

 excrescences and added to symmetry, and grinding reduced the edge 

 to an even curve and uniform bevel. Grooved axes also were made on 

 this site, but to a less extent, the operations being well represented, 

 however, in the rejectage and in numerous finished implements occur- 

 ring on the site. 



The series of specimens presented in plates lx to lxiv illustrate a 

 progression from incipient stages through a succession of rejects, frag- 

 ments, and unfinished forms to broken specimens of well-finished 

 tools. The reference letters are continuous through the set of plates. 



