MCGEE] SIOUAN TRIBES OF THE EAST 159 



Ijlaius Indians in langnage, institutions, and beliefs. In 1872 Hale 

 noted a resemblance between the Tutelo and Dakota languages, and this 

 resemblance was discussed orally and in correspondence with several 

 students of Indian languages, but the probability of direct connection 

 seemed so remote that the attinity was not generally accepted. Even 

 in 1880, after extended comparison with Dakota material (including 

 that collected by the newly instituted Bureau of Ethnology), this 

 distinguished investigator was able to detect only certain general sinii 

 larities between the Tutelo tongue and the dialects of the Dakota 

 tribes.' In 1881 Gatschet made a collection of linguistic material 

 among the Catawba Indians of South Carolina, and was struck with 

 the resemblance of many of the vocaliles to Siouan terms of like mean- 

 ing, and began the preparation of a comparative Catawba-Dakota 

 vocabulary. To this the Tutelo, (|'egiha, j^.iiwe're, and Hotcangara 

 (Winnebago) were added by Dorsey, who made a critical examination 

 of all Catawba material extant and compared it with several Dakota 

 dialects, with which he was specially conversant. These examinations 

 and comparisons demonstrated the affinity between the Dakota and 

 Catawba tongues and showed them to be of common descent; and the 

 establishment of this relation made easy the acceptance of the affinity 

 suggested by Hale between the Dakota and Tutelo. 



Up to this time it was supposed that the eastern tribes "were merely 

 offshoots of the Dakota;" but in 1883 Hale observed that "while the 

 language of these eastern tribes is closely allied to that of the western 

 Dakota, it bears evidence of being older in form,"' and consequently 

 that the Siouan tribes of the interior seem to have migrated westward 

 from a common fatherland with their eastern brethren bordering the 

 Atlantic. Subsequently Gatschet discovered that the Biloxi Indians 

 of the Gulf coast used many terms common to the Siouan tongues; and 

 in 1891 Dorsey visited these Indians and procured a rich collection of 

 words, phrases, and myths, whereby the Siouan affinity of these Indians 

 was established. Meantime Mooney began researches among the Cher- 

 okee and cognate tribes of the southern Atlantic slope and found fresh 

 evidence that their ancient neighbors were related in tongue and belief 

 with the buffalo hunters of the plains; and he has recently set forth 

 the relations of the several Atlantic slope tribes of Siouan affinity in full 

 detail.^ Through the addition of these eastern tribes the great Siouan 

 stock is augmented in extent and range and enhanced in interest; for 

 the records of a group of cognate tribes are thereby increased so fully 

 as to afibrd historical perspective and to indicate, if not clearly to dis- 

 play, the course of tril^al differentiation. 



According to Dorsey, whose acquaintance with the Siouan Indians 

 was especially close, the main portion of the Siouan stock, occupying 

 the continental interior, comprised seven principal divisions (including 



' Correspondence with the Bureau of Ethnology. 



'"The Tntelo tribe .and language," Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., vol. XXI, 1883, p. 1. 



^Siouan Tribes of the East; bulletin of the Bureau of Ethnology, ]89i. 



