MCOEE] ^EGIHA HISTORY 193 



Schoolcraft, they nuiubered 3,758 in April, 1833, but this was after the 

 removal of au important branch known as Black Dog's baud to a new 

 locality farther down Verdigris river. In 1850 the Osage occupied at 

 least seven large villages, besides numerous small ones, on Neosho and 

 Verdigris rivers. In 1S73, when visited by Dorsey, they were gathered 

 on their reservations in what is now Oklahoma. In 1890 they num- 

 bered 158. 



The Kausa remained with the Up stream People in their gradual 

 ascent of the Missouri to the mouth of the Kaw or Kansas, when they 

 diverged westward; but they soon came in contact with inimical 

 peoples, and, like the Osage, were driven southward. The date of this 

 divergence is not fixed, but it must have been after 1723, when Bourg- 

 mont mentioned a large village of "Quaus" located on a small river 

 flowing northward thirty leagues above Kaw rivei", near the Missouri. 

 After the cession of Louisiana to the United States, a treaty was made 

 with the Kansa Indians, who were then on Kaw river, at the month of 

 the Saline, having been forced back from the Missouri by the Dakota; 

 they then numbered about 1,500 and occupied about thirty earth lodges. 

 In 1825 they ceded their lands on the Missouri to the Government, 

 retaining a reservation on the Kaw, where they were constantly sub- 

 jected to attacks from the Pawnee and other tribes, through which large 

 numbers of their warriors were slain. In 184G they again ceded their 

 lands and received a new reservation on Neosho river in Kansas. This 

 was soon overrun by settlers, when another reservation was assigned 

 to them in Indian Territory, near the Osage country. By 18'JO their 

 population was reduced to 214. 



The Kwapa were found by De Soto in 1541 on the Mississippi above 

 the mouth of the St Francis, and, according to Marquette's map, they 

 were i)artly east of the Mississippi in 1073. In 1(581 La Salle found 

 them in tliree villages distributed along the Mississippi, and soon after- 

 ward Tonty mentioned four villages, one (Kappa=U5|aqpaqti, "Ileal 

 Kwapa") on the Mississippi and three (Toyengan=Ta"wa"-jii[a, "Small 

 Village"; Toriman=Ti-uad(J-iman, and Osotouoy=Uzutiuwe) inland; 

 this observation was verified by Dorsey in 1883 by the discovery that 

 these names are still in use. In early days the Kwapa were known as 

 "Akansa," or Arkansa, first noted by La 3Ietairie in 1682. It is prob- 

 able that this name was au Algonquiau designation given because of 

 confusion with, or recognition of afifiuity to, the Kansa or Ka^'ze, the 

 prefix "a" being a common one in Algonquiau appellations. In 1687 

 Joutel located two of the villages of the tribe on the Arkansas and 

 two on the Mississippi, one of the latter being on the eastern side. 

 According to St Cosine, the greater part of the tribe died of smallpox 

 in October, lOflO. In 1700 De I'lsle placed the princii)al "Acansa" 

 village on the southern side of Arkansas river; and, according to 

 Gravier, there were in 1701 five villages, the largest, Imaha (Omaha), 

 being highest on the Arkansas. In 1805 Sibley placed the "Arkensa" 

 15 ETH 13 



