194 THE SIOUAN INDIANS [etii.asn. 15 



in three villages on tlic southern side of Arkansas river, about lli miles 

 above Arkansas post. They claimed to be the original proprietors of 

 the country bordering the Arkansas for 300 miles, or np to the conflu- 

 ence of the Cadwa, above whicli lay the territory of the Osage. Sub- 

 sequently the Kwapa afliliated with the Caddo Indians, though of 

 another stock; according to Porter they were in the Caddo country in 

 1829. As reservations were established, the Kwapa were re-segregated, 

 and in 1877 were on their reservation in northwestern Indian Terri- 

 tory; but most of them afterward scattered, chiefly to the Osage 

 couuti-y, where in 1890 they were found to number 232. 



iOlWE'RE 



The ancestry and prehistoric movements of the tribes constituting 

 this group are involved in considerable obscurity, though it is known 

 from tradition as well as linguistic affinity that they sprung from the 

 Winnebago. 



Since the days of Marquette (1G73) the Iowa have ranged over the 

 country between the Mississippi and Missouri, up to the latitude of 

 Oneota (formerly upper Iowa) river, and even across the Missouri 

 about the mouth of the Platte. Chauvignerie located them in 173G 

 west of the Mississipj)i and (probably through error in identification of 

 the waterway) south of the Missouri; and in 17C1 Jefl'erys placed them 

 between Missouri river and the headwaters of Des Moines river, above 

 the Oto and below the Maha (Omaha). In 1805, according to Drake, 

 they dwelt on Des Moines river, forty leagues above its mouth, and 

 numbered 800. In 1811 Pike found them in two villages on Des Moines 

 and Iowa rivers. In 1815 they were decimated by smallpox, and 

 also lost heavily through war against the tribes of the Dakota confed- 

 eracy. In 1829 Porter placed them on the Little Platte, some 15 miles 

 from the Missouri line, and about 1853 Schoolcraft located them on 

 Nemaha river, their principal village being near the mouth of the 

 Great Xemalia. In 1818 they suffered another epidemic of smallpox, 

 by which 100 warriors, besides women and children, were carried oft'. 

 As the country settled, the Iowa, like the other Indians of the stock, 

 were collected on reservations which they still occupy in Kansas and 

 Oklahoma. x\ccording to the last census their population was 273. 



The Missouri were first seen by Tonty about 1670; they were located 

 near the Jlississippi on IVIarquette's map (1673) under the name of 

 Ouemessourit, i)robably a corruption of their name by the Illinois 

 tribe, with the characteristic Algouquian prefix. The name Missouri 

 was first used by Jontel in 1G87. In 1723 Bourgmont located their 

 principal villager .'>() leagues below Kaw river and (JO leagues below 

 the chief settlement of the Kansa; according to Croghan, they were 

 located on Mississippi river o])posite the Illinois country in 1759. 

 Although the early locations are somewhat indefinite, it seems certain 

 that the tribe formerly dwelt on the Mississippi about the mouth of 



