r.t6 THE SIOUAN INDIANS [etii. ass. 15 



known use of the name Winnebago occurs in tlie Uelation of Hi-iO; 

 Nicollet found them on Green bay in 1G39. According to Shea, the 

 Winnebago were almost aiiiiiliilatedl)}' the Illinois (Algoii(|uian) tribe in 

 early days, and the historical gi'oup was made uj) of the survivors of 

 the early battles. Chauvignerie placed the Winnebago ou Lake Supe- 

 rior in 173(1, and Jefterys referred to them and the Sac as living near 

 the head of (ireen bay in 17G1 ; Carver mentions a Winnebago village 

 on a small island near the eastern end of Winnebago lake in 1778. 

 I'ike eminieratcd seven Winnebago villages existing in 1811; and in 

 18l!2 the i)oi)nlation of the tribe was estimated at 5,800 (including 900 

 warriors) in the country about Winnebago lake and extending thence 

 southwostward to the Mississi])](i. I5y treaties in 1825 and 1832 they 

 ceded tiieir lands south of Wisconsin and Fox rivers for a reservation 

 on the Mississipj)! above the Oneota; one of their villages in 1832 was 

 at Prairie la Crosse. They snfl'ered several visitations of smallpox; 

 the third, which occurred in 1836, carried ofi" more than a (piarter of 

 the tribe. A i)art of the people long remained widely distributed over 

 their old country east of the Mississippi and along that river in Iowa 

 and iMiniiesota; in 1840 most of the tribe removed to the neutral ground 

 in the then territory of Iowa; in 1816 they surrendered their reseiva- 

 tion for another above the Minnesota, and in 1856 they were removed 

 to Blue Earth, Minnesota. Here they were mastering agriculture, when 

 the Sioux war broke out and the settlers demanded their removal. 

 Those who had taken up farms, thereby abandoning tribal rights, were 

 allowed to remain, but the others were transferred to Crow creek, on 

 Missouri river, whence they soon escaped. Their privations and suffer- 

 ings were terrible; out of 2,0t)0 taken to Crow creek only 1,200 reached 

 the Omaha reservation, whither most of them fled. They were assigned 

 a new reservation on the Omaha lands, where they now remain, occupy- 

 ing lands allotted in severalty. In 1890 there were 1,215 Winnebago 

 on the reservation, but nearly an equal number were scattered over 

 Minnesota, Iowa, Wisconsin, and Michfgan, where they now live chiefly 

 by agriculture, with a strong predilection for hunting. 



MANDAN 



The Maiidan had a vague tradition of emigration from the eastern 

 part of the country, and Lewis and Clark, Prince Maximilian, and 

 others found traces of Mandan Iiousestructures at various points 

 along the Missouri; thus they appear to have ascended that stream 

 before the advent of the (/?egiha. During the historical period their 

 movements were limited; they were first visited in the upper ISlissouri 

 country by Sieur de la Yerendrye in 1738. About 1750 they established 

 two villages on the eastern side and seven on the western side of 

 the Missouri, near the mouth of Heart river. Here they were assailed 

 by the Asiniboin and Dakota and attacked by smallpox, and were 

 greatly reduced; the two eastern villages consolidated, and the pe(ij)le 



