DOESEY] THE mdewaka''to''wa'' 215 



Social classes are uudift'erentiated. Any man can win a name and 

 rank in the section, gens, j)hratiy, tribe, or uation by bravery in war or 

 by generosity in tlie bestowal of presents and the freqnent giving of 

 feasts. While there are no slaves among the Siouan tribes, there are 

 several kinds of servants in civil, military, and religious affairs. 



THE DAKOTA TRIBES 

 DESItrNATION AND MODE OF CAMPING 



The Dakota call themselves Otceti cakowi" (Oceti sakowiq'), The 

 Seven Fireplaces or Council-fires. This designation refers to their 

 original gentes, the Mdewaka"to"wa" (Mdewakaij-toijwaij), Waqpe- 

 kute ( Wahpe-kute), Waqpe-to"wa" (Walipetoijwaij), Sisito"wa" (Sisitoij- 

 waij), Iliafik to"wa" (Ihaijktoijwaij), Iharik-to"wa"na (Ihaijktoijwaijna), 

 and Tito"wa" (Titoijwaij). They camped in two sets of concentric cir- 

 cles, one of four circles, consisting probably of the Mdewaka"to"wa", 

 Waqpe-kute, Waqpe to"wa" and Sisito"wa"; and the other of three cir- 

 cles, including the Ihankto"wa", Ihaiikto"wa"na, and Tito"wa", as shown 

 by the dialectal resemblances and variations as well as by the relative 

 positions of their former habitats. 



THE MDEWAKA'^TO^WA'"' 



The Mdewaka"to"wa" were so called from their former habitat, ^Ide- 

 waka", or ilysterious lake, commonly called Spirit lake, one of tiie 

 Mille Lacs in Minnesota. The whole name means Mysterious Lake 

 village, and the term was used by De I'Isle as early as 1703. The 

 Mdewaka"to"wa" were the original Santee, but the white people, fol- 

 lowing the usage of the Iharikto"wa", Ibankto"wa"na, and Tito"wa", 

 now extend that name to the Waqpekute, Waqpeto" wa", and Sisito"wa". 

 Tlie gentes of the Mdewaka"to"wa" are as follows:-' 



1. Kiyuksa, Breakers (of the law or custom); so called because mem- 

 bers of this gens disregarded the marriage law by taking wives within 

 the gens. 



2. Qe-mini-tca" (He-mini-caij) or Qemnitca (Hemnica), literally, 

 "Mountain-water- wood;" so called from a hill covered with timber that 

 appears to rise out of the water. This was the gens of Red Wing, 

 whose village was a short di.stance from Lake Pepin, Minnesota. 



3. Kap'oja (Kapoza), Not encumbered- with-much baggage; "Light 

 Infantry." " Kaposia, or Little Crow's village," in Minnesota, in lSo2. 



4. Maxayute-cni (Magayute .sni), Eatsno-geese. 



5. Qeyata oto"we (Heyata-otoi;we), ofits-cluef-Hake-wacte (Hake 

 waste); Qeyata-to"wa" (Heyata-toijwaij) of Eeverend A. L. liiggs, Vil- 

 lage-back from-the-river. 



'Wherever io this paper there is a double notation of a Dakota name the former is expressed in the 

 alphabet of the Bureau of Etbuology aud the hitter in tliat of Dr S. K. Riggs, author of the raemoirs 

 in Contributions to Nortli Anu-riraii EtlinoUigy. vols, vil and ix. 



'S. R. Riggs in Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, vol. IV, p. xvi, 1S52, aud in Contributions 

 to North American Ethnology, vol. ix. 



