THE GROUP OF TUSAYAN CEREMONIALS CALLED 



KATCINAS^ 



By Jesse Walter Fewkes 



INTRODUCTION 



In their use of the word Kutcina- the Ilopi or Moki apply the term 

 to siiperuatural beiuys impersonated by mcTi wearing masks or by 

 statuettes in imitation of the same. The dances in which the former 

 appear are likewise called by the same name which with the orthogra- 

 phy "Cachena" is used in descriptions of these dances in the valley of 

 the upper Eio Grande. The present use of the term among the Tusayan 

 Indians leads me to consider it as almost a synonym of a supernatural 

 being of snrburdinatc rank to the great deities. Ancestral worship 

 plays a not inconspicuous part in the Hopi conception of a Katcina. 



When we endeavor to classify the ceremonials which form the ritual 

 practiced by the Tusayan villagers, the subject is found to be so com- 

 plex that it can be adequately treated only by the help of observations 

 extending through many years. The plan which I have followed in my 

 work, as will be seen in jirevious publications, has been to gather and 

 record data in regard to the detailsof individual observances as a basis 

 for generalization. 



My former publications on this subject have therefore been simply 

 records of observations.' For various reasons it has seemed well to 

 anticipate a linal and general account and interpretation, with ten- 

 tative efforts at a classiticatiou to serve as a stepping-stone to a more 

 exhaustive and complete discussion of the relationship of these observ- 

 ances, which would naturally appear in an elaborate memoir necessi- 

 tating a broader method of treatment tlian any yet adopted. 



'These studies were made while the author was connected with the Hemenway Expedition Irom 

 1890 to 1894, and tile memoir, which was i)repared in 1894, includes the results of the ohservations of 

 the late A. M. Stephen as well as of those of the autlior. 



^Tlie letters used in sj)elling Indian words in this article have the following sounds; a, as in far; a, 

 as in what; ai, as i in pine; e, as a in fate; i, as iu pique; i, as in pin ; ii, as in rule; ii, as in hut; 

 ii, as in the French tu ; p, b, v, similar in sound ; t and d, like the same in tare and dare, almost indis- 

 tinguishable; tc, ag ch in chink; c. as sh in shall; fi. ;i8 n in syncope; s, sibilant; r. obscure rolling 

 sound; 1, m, n, k, h, y, z, as in English. 



^Theso observations are confined to three villages on tlie East mesa, which has Ijeeii the field more 

 thoroughly cultivated by the members of the Hemenway Expedition. 



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