204 TUSAYAN KATCINAS [eth. akn.15 



Tliere is a similar uniformity year by year in tlio time of tlie celebra- 

 tion of the cxteuiled or elaborate Katciiias called Niin;iii, Powami'i, 

 I'l'iliiliikofiti, Soy;iliifia, and the l*a or Kat(tina's return. Their sequeiuie 

 is always the same, but in the abbreviated Katcinas or masked dances 

 this uniformity is not adhered to. A certain number of these are cele- 

 brated each sjn-jn^ and summer,bnt the ]>articular abbreviated Katcina' 

 whicii is presented varies from year to year, and may or may not be 

 reproduced. 



Wiiile Katcinas or masked dances do not {jencrally occur during 

 the interval of the nine days' ceremonials (autumn and early winter), I 

 ha\ e notes ou one of these which indicate that they sometimes take 

 l)lace in this epoch. 



On Sejitcmber L*0, 1893, a Katcina called Afiakatcina- was per- 

 formed in Hano after the Niman bad been celebrated in Walpi. 

 Theoretically it would not be expected, as the farewell Katcina is 

 universally said to be a celebration of the departure of these person- 

 ages to their distant home, an event which does not occur at Dano. 

 It would be strange if later observations should show that Katcinas 

 are celebrated in other villages between the departure and return of 

 these personages. 



DISCUSSION OF PREVIOUS DESCRIPTIONS OF KATCINAS 



Our exact knowledge of the character of the Hoi)i Katciiuis dates 

 back to Schoolcraft's valuable compilation. While the existence of 

 the.se dances was -known previou.sly to that time, and several refer- 

 ences to similar dances among the other Pueblos might be quoted from 

 the writings of Spani.sh visitors, our information of the Katcina cele- 

 brations in Tusayan previously to 1852 is so fragmentary that it is 

 hardly of value in comparative studies. In the year named Dr P. S. G. 

 Ten Broeck visited Tusayan and published a description of what was 

 probably a Katcina d.ance at Sitcomovi. Although his account is so 

 imperfect that we can not detiuitely say what Katcina was personated, 

 his description was tlie first important contribution to our knowledge 

 of the character of these dances among the Hopi Indians. It will he 

 noticed in a general way that the per.sonation differed but slightly 

 from those of the present day. Ten Broeck noted that the male 

 dancers, Katcinas, wore ou their heads "large pasteboard towers'' 



'The word Katcina, a3 already atatnd, is applied to a ceremonial dance and to a personator in tlie 

 same. The ayinbolismol' eaeh is l)Rst espresHi-d hy the curved wooden wtatm^ttea or dolls, tihiid, 

 many examples of which 1 have described in my article on " Dolls of the Tusayan Indians" in Inter- 

 nationales Archiv fiir Ethnographic, 1894. Protitable sources ot information in regard to the sym- 

 bolic characteristics of the Katc'inas are ceramic objects. photograi)hs, clay tiles, clay images, pictures 

 on altars, etc. All jtictorial or glyptic, representations of the same Katcina are in the main identical, 

 with slight variations in detail, due to technique. 



^For a dcBcriptiou of Ihe Afiakatcina see Journal of American Ethnology and Ar<-ha'ology. vol. il, 

 No. I. 



