FBWKES] THE SOYALUNA CEREMONY 269 



zontal motion. At uiglitfall each man procured a willow wand from 3 

 to 4 feet long and looped npou it alltbe strings which he had received. 

 He then carried his stick to the M(')nkiva and placed it in the rafters, 

 thus imparting- to the ceiling the appearance of a bower of feathers and 

 pifion needles. 



All the kivas were meeting places of the i)articipauts, but the 

 Tataukyamu met at the Monkiva, where the principal festivities took 

 place. Their chief wore a head-dress decorated with symbols of rain- 

 clouds (plate cviii), and carried a shield upon which was depicted the 

 sun (plate Civ). The chief of a second society carried a shield upon 

 which was drawn a star (plate civ), and a third chief bore a sliield 

 with an antelope drawn upon it. The headdress of the chief of tlie 

 Aiiwynipkiya was adorned with glistening triplex horns, and on his 

 shield was rei)resented an unknown Katcina (i>late Civ). The ttfth 

 society M'as Kwakwantii, or warrior, whose chief carried in his hand 

 ail etii.i;y of the great snake (Paliiliikoiiiih) which M'as carved fiom 

 tlie woody stalk of the agave (kwan), from which the society was 

 named. He came from the Tcivato-kiva and on his shield was depicted 

 a Kwakwantii in full costume. The sixth society was the Tatciik'ti or 

 "linobbed heads;" their shield-bearer wore a headdress like a coro- 

 net, while on his shield was drawn a black tigure with lozenge-shape 

 eyes. The shield of the chief of the seventh society was adorned with 

 a picture of the Tawamofiwi or sun chief. 



After the societies lia<l entered the kiva an invocation to the car- 

 dinal points was chanted, and the shield-bearers, in turn, standing 

 over the sipaph, stamped on it. At a signal the society arranged 

 itself into two irregular groups, one on the north, the other on the 

 south side of the main floor. All then vehemently burst forth into a 

 song, the shield-bearer making eccentric dashes among his associates, 

 first to one side and then to the other. 



While tlie song lasted the shield-bearer continued these sliort, swift 

 rushes, and the assembled groups crouched down and met his dashes 

 by rising and driving him back to the sipapu. He madly oscillated 

 from right to left, that is, from the north to the south side of the room, 

 and swung his shield in rhythm, while those near liim beat tlieir feet 

 in time. The shield was dashed from face to face, and the groups 

 made many motions as if to seize it, but no one did more than to touch 

 it with outstretched hands. The movements on both sides were highly 

 suggestive of attack and defense. 



At 8 p. m. about one dozen men were collected in the Monkiva, 

 among whom was Lesma playing a flageolet. The hatchway was 

 guarded by a tyler, and for a uatci there was i^laced there a wicker 

 skullcap ornamented with a pair of imitation mountain-sheep horns 

 (plate cx). Two hours later the room was densely packed with naked 

 men, their bodies undecorated, wearing small eagle plumes attached 

 to the crown of the head. Two women were present. Anawita, chief 



