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chondria "^ ; below or sacrad of the liver appeared the great auvature 

 of the stomacli, extending quite across the abdomen; from this part 

 the omentum extended half-way down the rest of the abdomen : on 

 lifting up the omentum there appeared what Pallas justly calls, 

 " insignis crassorum intestinorum apparatus", consisting of an enor- 

 mous CA'p^m, and coZok; below which, extending upwards from the 

 iliac regions, were the extremities of the two accessory cceca. These 

 latter parts were overlapped by what may be termed the spermatic 

 omenta, two duplicatures oi peritoneum, including fat, continued from 

 the spermatic vessels, testes and vasa deferentia, and extending from 

 the lumbar and iliac regions towards the middle line of the abdomen. 

 These, in the foetal Hijrax are remarkably large and loaded with fat. 

 On turning aside the c«ca, (which can easily be done, as they have an 

 entire investment o'i peritoneum, and are not closely attached to tlie 

 abdominal j^arie^ei',) the convolutions of the small intestines, and of 

 the rest of the colon, were brought into view. 



" The duodenum is not so loosely connected with the back part of 

 the abdomen as in most of the Rodentia; but it has throughout its 

 course one entire investment of peritoneum. It descends in front of 

 the right kidney for.4 inches, and then suddenly returns upon itself, 

 passing behind the ascending colon, and runs along the middle of the 

 spine as high as the stomach, where it becomes a loose intestine, or 

 jejunum. At its commencement it is not dilated as in many Ro- 

 dentia. 



" The small intestines were about 8 lines in diameter, and were 

 convoluted upon a mesentery about I inch and f ths in breadth, in the 

 curve of which ran a chain of dark-coloured lacteal glands. Pallas 

 counted eleven. On laying open the small intestines they presented a 

 peculiarity I have not met with in any other quadruped, viz. a series 

 of about twelve small pouches, distant from 3 to 5 inches from each 

 other, about 3 lines in diameter and the same in depth, their orifices 

 pointing distad, or towards the ctecum. These pouches make no 

 projection externally, being situated wholly beneath the muscular 

 coat. They consist of duplicatures of the mucous membrane, and 

 are surrounded by the glandidce aggregated which open into them by 

 numerous orifices. Their use would appear to be to prevent the 

 secretion of these glands being mixed as soon as formed with the 

 chyme, but, by retaining it, to alter its q\ialities in some degree. 

 The whole inner surface of the small intestines is beset with fine 

 villi, giving them considerable resemblance to the intestines of a 

 bird. For the extent of about a foot from the commencement of the 

 small intestines many of these villi terminated in a black point, a 

 circumstance which Pallas also observed, " intus punctis contiguis atris 

 villosum." The length of the small intestines was 4 feet C inches, 



" The cctcum seemed at first sight to have a great analogy to that 



* Pallas observes that the whole of the liver was in his specimen situated 

 in the right hypochondrium, and did not extend beyond the mesial line of the 

 diaphragm. In a viscns so loosely attached as this is in the Hijrax, variety 

 in respect to position is to be expected. 



