532 EXPEDITION TO ARIZONA IN 1895 [ETH. ANN. 17 
While recognizing the kinship of the Pueblos and the Cliff villagers, 
this resemblance is not restricted to any one pueblo or group of modern 
pueblos to the exclusion of others. Of all modern differentiations of 
this ancient substratum of culture of which cliff villages are one adap- 
tive expression, the Tusayan Indians are the nearest of all existing peo- 
ple of the Southwest! to the ancient people of Arizona. 
The more southerly ruins of Tusayan, which I have been able satis- 
factorily to identify and to designate by a Hopi name, are those called 
Homolobi, situated not far from Winslow, Arizona, near where the 
railroad crosses the Little Colorado. These ruins are claimed by the 
Hopi as the former residences of their ancestors, aud were halting 
places in the migration of certain clans from the south. They were 
examined by Mr Cosmos Mindeleff, of the Bureau of American Eth- 
nology, in 1893,’ but no report on them has yet been published. 
While, however, the Homolobi group of ruins is the most southerly to 
which I have been able to affix a Hopi name, others still more to the 
southward are claimed by certain of their traditions.’ The Hopi like- 
wise regard as homes of their ancestors certain habitations, now in 
ruins, near San Francisco mountains. In a report on his exploration 
of Zuni and Little Colorado rivers in 1852, Captain L. Sitgreaves called 
attention to several interesting ruins, one of which was not far from the 
“cascades” of the latter river. After ascending the plateau, which he 
found covered with voleanie¢ detritus, he discovered that ‘all the promi- 
nent points” were ‘occupied by the ruins of stone houses, which were 
in some instances three stories in height. They are evidently,” he says, 
“the remains of a large town, as they occurred at intervals for an 
extent of eight or nine miles, and the ground was thickly strewn with 
fragments of pottery in all directions.” 
In 1884 a portion of Colonel James Stevenson’s expedition, under 
F. D. Bickford, examined the cliff houses in Walnut canyon, and in 
1886 Major J. W. Powell and Colonel Stevenson found scattered ruins 
north of San Francisco mountains having one, two, or three rooms, 
each “built of basaltic cinders and blocks of lava.” These explorers 
likewise reported ruins of extensive dwellings in the same region 
'The kinship of Cliff dwellers and Pueblos was long ago recognized by ethnologists, both from 
resemblances of skulls, the character of architecture, and archeological objects found in each class 
of dwellings. Itis only in later years, however, that the argument from similar ceremonial para- 
phernalia has been adduced, owing to an increase of our knowledge of this side of Pueblo life. See 
Bessels, Bull. U. S. Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories, vol. 11, 1876; Hoffman, 
Report on Chaco Cranium, ibid., 1877, p. 457. Holmes, in 1878, says: ‘‘ The ancient peoples of the San 
Juan country were doubtless the ancestors of the present Pueblo tribes of New Mexico and Ari- 
zona.’ See, likewise, Cushing, Nordenskiéld, and later writers regarding the kinship of Cliff villagers 
and Pueblos. 
‘Report of the Director of the Bureau of American Ethnology tor the year ending June 30, 1894; 
Smithsonian Report, 1894. 
'The ruins in Chaves Pass, 110 miles south of Oraibi, will be considered in the report of the expedi- 
tion of 1896, when extensive excavations were made at this point. About midway between the 
Chaves Pass ruins and those of Beaver creek, in Verde valley, there are other ruins, as at Rattlesnake 
‘Tanks, and asa well-marked trail passes by these former habitations and connects the Verde series 
with those of Chaves Pass, it is possible that early migrations may have followed thiscourse. There 
is also a trail from Homolobi and the Colorado Chiquito ruins through Chaves Pass into Tonto Basin. 
