534 EXPEDITION TO ARIZONA IN 1895 [prH. ANN. 17 
This large ruin, lying between the Cibolan and Tusayan groups, has 
been referred to both of these provinces, and would, if properly exca- 
vated, shed much light on the archeology of the two provinces.! Kinna- 
zinde lies not far from Kintiel. 
The ruins reported from Tonto Basin, of which little is known, may 
later be found to be connected with early migrations of those Hopi 
elans which claim southern origin. From what I can judge by the 
present appearance of ruins just north of the Mogollon mountains, in a 
direct line between Tonto Basin and the present Tusayan towns, there 
is nothing to show the age of these ruined villages, and it is quite 
likely that they may have been inhabited in the middle of the sixteenth 
century. While it is commonly agreed that the province of ‘‘Toton- 
teac,” which figures extensively in certain early Spanish narratives, 
was the same as Tusayan, the linguistic similarity of the word to “tonto” 
has been suggested by others. In the troublesome years between 1860 
and 1870 the Hopi, decimated by disease and harried by nomads, sent 
delegates to Prescott asking to be removed to Tonto Basin, and it is 
not improbable that in making this reasonable request they simply 
wished to return to a place which they associated with their ancestors, 
who had been driven out by the Apache. Totonteac? is ordinarily 
thought to be the same as Tusayan, but it may have included some of 
the southern pueblos now in ruins west of Zuni. 
Having determined that the line of Verde ruins was continued into 
the Red-rock country, it was desirable to see how the latter compared 
with those nearer Tusayan. This necessitated reexamination of many 
ruins in Verde valley, which was my aim during the most of June. I 
followed this valley from the cavate dwellings near Squaw mountain 
past the great ruin in the neighborhood of Old Camp Verde, the unique 
Montezuma Well, to the base of the Red-rocks. Throughout this region 
I saw, as had been expected, no change in the character of the ruins 
great enough to indicate that they originally were inhabited by peoples 
racially different. Stopped from further advance by a barrier of rug- 
ged cliffs, I turned westward along their base until I found similar 
ruins, which were named Palatki and Honanki. Having satisfied 
myself that there was good evidence that the numbers of ancient 
1Smithsonian Report, 1883, Report of the Director of the Burean of Ethnology, p. 62: ‘‘ Pending 
the arrival of goods at Moki, Mr Cushing returned across the country to Zuni for the purpose of 
observing more minutely than on former occasions the annual sun ceremonials. En route he discoy- 
ered two ruins, apparently before unvisited. One of these was the outlying structure of K‘n/i-K’él, 
called by the Navajos Zinni-jin’ne and by the Zunis He’-sho’ta path1-taie, both, according to Zunitra- 
dition, belonging to the Thlé-e-ta-kwe, the name given to the traditional northwestern migration 
of the Bear, Crane, Frog, Deer, Yellow-wood, and other gentes of the ancestral pueblos.” 
‘The reduplicated syllable recalls Hopi methods of forming their plural, but is not characteristic of 
them, and the word Totonteac has a Hopi sound. ‘he supposed derivation of Tonto from Spanish 
tonto, ‘fool, is mentioned elsewhere. The so-called Tonto Apache was probably an intruder, the 
cause of the desertion of the ‘‘ basin” by tke housebuilders. The question whether Totonteac is the 
same as Tusayan or Tuchano is yet to be satisfactorily answered. The map makers of the sixteenth 
century regarded them as different places, and notwithstanding Totonteac was reported to be ‘‘a hotte 
lake” in the middle of the previous century, it held its place on maps into the seventeenth century. 
It is always on or near a river flowing into the Gulf of California. 
