552 EXPEDITION TO ARIZONA IN 1895 [erit. ANN. 17 
so far as they are concerned, may have justified Nordenskidld’s belief 
that “the basin of the Colorado actually contains almost all the cliff 
dwellings of the United States.” As the Gila flows into the Colorado 
near its mouth, the Red-rock ruins may in a sense be included in the 
Colorado basin, but there are many and beautiful cliff houses higher 
up near the sources of the Gila and its tributary, the Salt. In calling 
a:tention to the characteristic cliff dwellings of the Red-rocks I am 
making known a new region of rnins closely related to those of Canyon 
de Tségi, or Chelly, the San Juan and its tributaries. 
Although the cliff houses of Verde valley had been known for many 
years, and the ruins here described are of the same general character, 
anyone who examines Casa Montezuma, on Beaver creek, and com- 
pares it with Honanki, will note differences of an adaptive nature. 
Fic. 246—Casa Montezuma on Beaver creek 
The one feature common to Honanki and the “Cliff Palace” of Mancos 
canyon is the great overhanging roof of the cavern, which, in that 
form, we miss in Casa Montezuma (figure 246),! 
We made two camps in the Red-rock country, one at the mouth of a 
wild canyon near an older camp where a well had been dug and the 
cellar of an American house was visible. This camp was fully six miles 
from Schiirmann’s ranch and was surrounded by some of the wildest 
scenery that I had ever witnessed. The accompanying view (plate 
XCVIII) was taken from a small elevation near by, and gives a faint 
idea of the magnificent mountains by which we were surrounded. The 
colors of the rocks are variegated, so that the gorgeous cliffs appear to 
1In certain cavate honses on Oak creek we find these caverns in two tiers, one above the other, and 
the hill above is capped by a well-preserved building. In one of these we find the entrance to the 
cavern walled in, with the exception of a T-shape doorway and a small window. This chamber shows 
a connecting link between the type of true cavate dwellings and that of clift-houses. 
