566 EXPEDITION TO ARIZONA IN 1895 [ETH. ANN. 17 
stands 30 feet, the maximum height of the standing wall of the ruins. 
In one corner a considerable quantity of ashes and many evidences of 
fire, some of which may be ascribed to Apache occupants, was detected. 
A wooden beam, marking the line of the floor of a second story, was seen 
projecting from the front wall, and there are other evidences of a floor 
at this level. Large beams apparently extended from. the front wall to 
the rear of the chamber, where they rested on a ledge in the cliff, and 
over these smaller sticks were laid side by side and at right angles to 
the beams. These in turn supported either flat stones or a layer of 
mud or clay. The method of construction of one of these 1oofs is 
typical of a Tusayan kiva, where ancient architectural forms are 
adhered to and best preserved. 
The entrance to room d is very much enlarged by the disintegration 
of the wall, and apparently there was at this point a difference in level 
of the front wall, for there is evidence of rooms in advance of those 
connected with the chambers described, as shown by a line of masonry, 
still standing, parallel to the front face of inclosures ¢ and d. 
Room e communicates by a doorway with the chamber marked /, 
and there is a small window in the same partition. This room had a 
raised banquette on the side toward the cliff, recalling an arrangement 
of the floor similar to that in the cavate dwellings opposite Squaw moun- 
tain which I have described. This platform is raised about three 
feet above the remainder of the floor of 7, and, like it, is strewn with 
large slabs of stone, which have fallen from the overhanging roof. In 
the main floor, at one corner, near the platform, there is a rectangular 
box-like structure made of thin slabs of stone set on edge, suggesting 
the grinding bins of the Pueblos. Room / communicates with g by a 
passageway which has a stone lintel. The holes in the walls, in which 
beams were once inserted, are seen in several places at different levels 
above the floor. The ends of several beams, one extremity of which 
is invariably charred, were found set in the masonry, and others were 
dug from the débris in the floor. 
Asa result of the curve in the front wall of the ruin at that point, the 
shape of room f is roughly quadrate, with banquettes on two sides. 
There are six large beam holes in the. walls, and the position of the first 
floor is well shown on the face of the partition, separating / from g. 
The passageway from one of these rooms to the other is slightly arched. 
Room g is elongated, without an external entrance, and communi- 
cates with f by a small opening, through which it is very difficult to 
crawl. Its longest dimension is almost at right angles to the front 
face of the remaining rooms, and it is raised above them by its founda- 
tion on an elevated rock like that of a,b, and c. There is a small, 
square, external opening which may have served as the position of a 
former beam or log. The upper level of the front wall is more or less 
broken down in places, and formerly may have been much higher. 
Beyond g a spur of masonry is built at right angles to the cliff, inclos- 
