FEWKES] POPULATION OF HONANKI AND PALATKI 567 
ing a rectangular chamber at the end of the ruin which could not be 
entered. Possibly in former times it was accessible by means of a 
ladder from the roof, whence communication with other portions of the 
structure was also had. 
A short distance beyond the westernmost rooms of Honanki, almost 
covered with bushes and adjoining the base of the cliff, there is a large 
ash heap in which are many fragments of pottery and the bones of 
various animals. It is probable that excavation in this quarter would 
reveal many interesting objects. In the cliffs above this ash heap, far 
beyond reach, there is a walled niche which has never been disturbed. 
This structure is similar to those near the cavate dwellings, and when 
opened will probably be found to contain buried mortuary objects of 
interesting character. I did not disturb this inclosure, inasmuch as I 
had no ladders or ropes with which to approach it. 
It is very difficult to properly estimate, from the number of rooms in 
a cliff house, the former population, and as a general thing the ten- 
dency is rather to overstate than to fall short of the true total. Ina 
pueblo like Hano, on the first or east mesa of Tusayan, for instance, 
there are many uninhabited rooms, and others serve as storage cham- 
bers, while in places the pueblo has so far fallen into ruin as to be unin- 
habitable. Ifa pueblo is very much concentrated the population varies 
at different seasons of the year. In summer it is sparsely inhabited; 
in winter it is rather densely populated. While Palatki and Honanki 
together had rooms sufficient to house 500 people, I doubt whether their 
aggregate population ever exceeded 200. This estimate, of course, is 
based on the supposition that these villages were contemporaneously 
inhabited. 
The evidences all point to a belief, however, that they were boti per- 
manent dwelling places and not temporary resorts at certain seasons 
of the year. 
The pictographs on the face of the cliff above Honanki are for the 
greater part due to the former Apache occupants of the rooms, and are 
situated high above the tops of the walls of the ruin. They are, as a 
rule, drawn with white chalk, which shows very clearly on the red rock, 
and are particularly numerous above room g. The figure of a circle, 
with lines crossing one another diametrically and continued as rays 
beyond the periphery, possibly represent the sun. Many spiral figures, 
almost constant pictographs in cliff ruins, are found in several places. 
Another strange design, resembling some kind of insect, is very con- 
spicuous. 
A circle painted green and inclosed in a border of yellow is undoubt- 
edly of Apache origin. There is at one point a row of small pits, 
arranged in line, suggesting a score or enumeration of some kind, and a 
series of short parallel lines of similar import was found not far away. 
This latter method of recording accounts is commonly used at the pres- 
ent time in Tusayan, both in houses and on cliffs; and one of the best 
