572 EXPEDITION TO ARIZONA IN 1895 [ETH ANN. 17 
brought from a considerable distance, since none of that material oceurs 
in the neighborhood. The existence of these grinding stones implies the 
use of maize as food, and this evidence was much strengthened by the 
finding of corncobs, kernels of corn, and charred fragments at several 
points below the surface of the débris in the chambers of Honanki. 
One of these grinding stones was found set in the floor of one of the rooms 
in the same way that similar metates may be seen in Walpi today. 
Of bone implements, our limited excavations revealed only a few frag- 
ments. Leg bones of the turkey were used for awls, bodkins, needles, 
and similar objects. In general character the implements of this kind 
which were found are almost identical in form with 
the bone imple f ments from Awatobi and Sikyatki, 
which are later i 3 figured and described. Although the 
bone implements oul unearthed were not numerous, we were 
well repaid for eae our excavations by finding an ancient 
cal with those now used at Tusayan in 
kindling the *‘ new fire,” and probably 
for that purpose in former times. The 
fireboard, identi 
the ceremony of 
universally used 
Fic. 252—Tinder tube from Honanki 
is only shell was a fragment of a bracelet 
made from a Pectunculus, a Pacific coast 
mollusk highly esteemed in ancient times among prehistoric 
Pueblos. The majority of the wooden objects found showed 
marks of fire, which were especially evident on the ends of 
the roof and floor beams projecting from the walls. 
A considerable collection of objects made of wickerwork 
and woven vegetal fiber was found in the alkaline dust and 
ashes of the Redrock cliff houses, and while there is some 
difficuity here as elsewhere, in deciding whether certain speci- 
meus belonged to the original builders or to later temporary occupants, 
there is little doubt that most of them were the property of the latter. 
There were many specimens of basketry found on the surface of the 
rubbish of the floors which, from the position of their occurrence and 
from their resemblance to the wickerwork still used by the Apache, 
seem without doubt to have been left there by temporary occupants of 
the rooms. There were likewise many wisps of yucea fiber tied in 
knots which must probably be regarded as of identical origin. The 
Yueca baccata affords the favorite fiber used by the natives at the 
present time, and it appears to have been popular for that purpose 
among the ancients. 
