RUINS IN TUSAYAN 
GENERAL FEATURES 
No region of our Southwest presents more instructive antiquities than 
the ancient province of Tusayan, more widely known as the Moki res- 
ervation. In the more limited use of the term, Tusayan is applied to 
the immediate surroundings of the Hopi pueblos, to which “province” 
it was given in the middle of the sixteenth century. Ina broader sense 
the name would include an as yet unbounded country claimed by the 
component clans of this people as the homes of their ancestors. 
The general character and distribution of Tusayan ruins (plate Xy1) 
has been ably presented by Mr Victor Mindeleff in a previous report.! 
While this memoir is not regarded as exhaustive, it considers most of 
the large ruins in immediate proximity to the three mesas on which 
the pueblos inhabited by the Hopi are situated. Jt is not my purpose 
here to consider all Tusayan ruins, even if I were able to do so, but 
to supplement with additional data the observations already published 
on two of the most noteworthy pueblo settlements. Broadly speaking, 
I have attempted archeological excavations in order to obtain more light 
on the nature of prehistoric life in Tusayan. It may be advantageous, 
however, to refer briefly to some of the ruins thus far discovered in the 
Tusayan region as preliminary to more systematic descriptions of the 
two which I have chosen for special description. 
The legends of the surviving Hopi contain constant references to 
former habitations of different clans in the country round about their 
present villages. These clans, which by consolidation make up the pres- 
ent population of the Hopi pueblos, are said to have originally entered 
Tusayan from regions as far eastward as the Rio Grande, and from the 
southern country included within the drainage of the Gila, the Salt, 
and their affluents. Other increments are reputed to have come from 
the northward and the westward, so that the people we now find in 
Tusayan are descendants from an aggregation of stocks from several 
directions, some of them having migrated from considerable distances. 
Natives of other regions have settled among the ancient Hopi, built 
pueblos, and later returned to their former homes; and the Hopi in 
turn have sent colonists into the eastern pueblo country. 
These legends of former movements of the tribal clans of Tusayan 
are supplemented and supported by historical documents, and we know 
from this evidence that there has been a continual interchange between 
the people of Tusayan and almost every large pueblo of New Mexico and 
Arizona. Some of the ruins of this region were abandoned in historic¢ 
times; others are prehistoric; many were simply temporary haiting 
'A Study of Pueblo Architecture: Tusayan and Cibola; Eighth Annual Report of the Bureau of 
Ethnology, 1886-87. 
17 ETH, PT 2 8 O17 
