584 EXPEDITION TO ARIZONA IN 1895 [erH. ANN. 17 
states—but was so situated on a projecting promontory that it could 
easily have been surrounded and isolated from the other pueblos. 
The Hopi legends definitely assert that the Payiipki people came from 
the ‘‘great river,” the Rio Grande, and spoke a language allied to that 
of the people of Hano. They were probably apostates, who came from 
the east about 1680, but did not seem to agree well with the people of 
the Middle Mesa, and about 1750 returned to the river and were domi- 
ciled in Sandia, where their descendants still live. The name Payiipki 
is applied by the Hopi to the pueblo of Sandia as well as to the ruin on 
the Middle Mesa. The general appearance of the ruin of Payiipki indi- 
cates that it was not long inhabited, and that it was abandoned at a 
comparatively recent date. The general plan is not that common to 
ancient Tusayan ruins, but more like that of Hano and Sichomovi, 
which were erected about the time Payiipki was built. Many frag- 
ments of a kind of pottery which in general appearance is foreign to 
Tusayan, but which resembles the Rio Grande ware, were found on the 
mounds, and the walls are better preserved than those of the ancient 
Tusayan ruins. 
A notable absence of fragments of obsidian, the presence of which 
in abundance is characteristic of ancient ruins, was observed on the 
site of Payiipki. All these evidences substantiate the Hopi legend 
that the Tanoan inhabitants of the village of Middle Mesa, above the 
trail from Walpi to Oraibi, made but a short stay in Tusayan.! 
There is good documentary evidence that Sandia was settled by 
Tanoan people from Tusayan. Morfi in 1782 so states,* and in a copy 
of the acts of possession of the pueblo grants of 1748 we find still 
further proof of the settlement of ‘“ Moquinos” in Sandia.° 
When Otermin returned to New Mexico in his attempted reconquest, 
in 1681, he reached Isleta on December 6, and on the 8th Dominguez 
encamped in sight of Sandia, but found the inhabitants had fled. The 
discord following this event drove the few surviving families of the 
Tiwa on their old range to Tusayan, for they were set upon by Keres 
and Jemez warriors on the plea that they received back the Spaniards. 
Possibly these families formed the nucleus of Payiipki. It was about 
this time, also, if we can believe Niel’s story, that 4,000 Tanos went to 
Tusayan. It would thus appear that the Hopi Payiipki was settled in 
the decade 1680-1690, 
‘There lived in Walpi, years ago, an old woman, who related to a priest, who repeated the story to 
the writer, that when a little girl she remembered seeing the Payiipki people pass along the valley 
under Walpi when they returned to the Rio Grande. Her story is quite probable, for the lives of two 
aged persons could readily bridge the interval between that event and our own time. 
2 “La Mission de N. Sra. de las Dolores de Zandia de Indios Teguas 4 Moqui.” 
%See J. F. Meline, Two Thousand Miles on Horseback, 1867. Sandia, according to Bancroft, is 
not mentioned by Menchero in 1744, but Bonilla gave it a population of 400 Indians in 1749. In 1742 
two friars visited Tusayan, and, it is said, brought ont 441 apostate Tiguas, who were later settled in 
the old pueblo of Sandia. Considering, then, that Sandia was resettled in 1748, six years after this 
visit, and that the numbers so closely coincide, we have good evidence that Payiipki, in Tusayan, 
was abandoned about 1742. It is probable, from known evidence, that this pueblo was built some- 
where between 1680 and 1690; so that the whole period of its occupancy was not far from fifty years. 
