590 EXPEDITION TO ARIZONA IN 1895 [2TH. ANN. 17 
were destroyed, while Walpi remained. At Middie Mesa, Chukubi and 
Payiipki became ruins, and in Antelope valley Awatobi was the last of 
the Jeditoh series to fall. There has thus been a gradual tendency to 
drift from readily accessible locations to the most impregnable sites, 
which indicates how severely the Hopi must have been harassed by 
their foes. It is significant that some of the oldest pueblos were origi- 
nally built in the most exposed positions, and it may rightly be con- 
jectured that the pressure on the villagers came long after these sites 
werechosen. The ancient or original Hopi had a sense of security when 
they built their first houses, and they, therefore, did not find it neces- 
sary to seek the protection of cliffs. Many of them lived in the valley 
of the Colorado Chiquito, others at Kishuba. As time wenton, however, 
they were forced, as were their kindred in other pueblos, to move to 
inaccessible mesas guarded by vertical cliffs. 
Of the several ruins of Antelope valley, that on the mesa above 
Jeditoh or Antelope spring is one of the largest and most interesting. 
Stephen calls this ruin Mishiptonga, and a plan of the old house is 
given by Mindelett. 
The spring cailed Kawaika, situated near the former village of the 
same name, was evidently much used by the ancient accolents of Ante- 
lope valley. From this neighborhood there was excavated a few years 
ago a beautiful collection of ancient mortuary pottery objects, which 
was purchased by Mrs Mary Hemenway, of Boston, and is now in the 
Peabody Museum at Cambridge. These objects have never been ade- 
quately described, although a good illustration of some of the speci- 
mens, with a brief reference thereto, was published by James Mooney! 
a few years ago. 
Among the most striking objects in this collection are clay models 
of houses, dishes, and small vases with rims pierced with holes, and 
rectangular vessels ornamented with pictures of birds. There are 
Specimens of cream, yellow, red, and white pottery in the collection 
which, judgnig by the small size of most of the specimens, was 
apparently votive in character. 
The ruins called by Stephen ‘“ Horn-house” and “ Bat-house,” as well 
as the smaller ruin between them, have been described by Mindeleff, 
who has likewise published plans of the first two [rom their general 
appearance I should judge they were not occupied for so long a time 
as Awatobi, and by a population considerably smaller. If all these 
Jeditoh pueblos were built by peoples from the Rio Grande, it is possible 
that those around Jeditoh spring were the first founded and that 
Awatobi was of later construction; but from the data at hand the 
relative age of the ruins of this part of Tusayan can not be determined. 
There are many ruins situated on the periphery of Tusayan which 
are connected traditionally with the Hopi, but are not here mentioned. 
Of these, the so-called ‘ Fire-house” is said to have been the home of 
‘Recent Archeologic Find in Arizona, American Anthropologist, Washington, July, 1893. 
