594 EXPEDITION TO ARIZONA IN 1895 [ETH. ANN. 17 
NOMENCLATURE OF AWATOBI 
The name Awatobi is evidently derived from awata, a bow (referring 
to the Bow clan, one of the strongest in the ancient pueblo), and obi, 
“high place of.” A derivation from owa, rock, has also been suggested, 
but it seems hardly distinctive enough to be applicable, and is not 
accepted by the Hopi themselves. 
While the different pneblos of Tusayan were not specially mentioned 
until forty years after they were first visited, the name Awatobi is 
readily recognized in the account of Espejo in 1583, where it is called 
Aguato,' which appears as Zaguato and Ahuato in Hakluyt.2 In the 
time of Onate (1598) the same name is written Aguatuyba.’ Vetan- 
curt,‘ about 1680, mentions the pueblo under the names Aguatobi and 
Alhuatobi, and in 1692, or twelve years after the great rebellion, Vargas 
visited ‘San Bernardo de Aguatuvi,” ten leagues from Zuni. The name 
appears on maps up to the middle of the eighteenth century, several 
years after its destruction. In more modern times various older spell- 
ings have been adopted or new ones introduced. Among these may 
be mentioned: 
AGUATUV{. Buschmann, Neu-Mexico, 231, 1858. 
AGuaTuyA. Bandelier in Journal of American Ethnology and Archeology, 111, 85, 
1892 (misquoting Onate). 
AGUITOBI. Bandelier in Archeological Institute Papers, Am. series, 11, pt. 1,115, 
1890. 
AuuatTu. Bandelier, ibid., 115, 135. 
AHUATUYBA. Bandelier, ibid., 109. 
AH-WAT-TENNA. Bourke, Snake Dance of the Moquis of Arizona, 195, 1884 (so called 
by a Tusayan Indian). 
AquatTasi. Walch, Charte America, 1805. 
AQUATUBI. Davis, Spanish Conquest of New Mexico, 368, 1869. 
ATABI-HOGANDI. Bourke, op. cit., 84, 1884 (Navaho name). 
AvA-TU-UI. Bandelier in Archeological Institute Papers, op. cit., Iv, pt. 2, 368, 1892. 
A-wa-TE-uU. Cushing in Atlantic Monthly, 367, September, 1882. 
AwaTtsBI. Bourke, op. cit., 91, 1884. 
A watut. Cushing in Fourth Report Bureau of Ethnology, 493, 1886 (or Aguatébi). 
ZAGNATO. Brackenridge, Early Spanish Discoveries, 19, 1857 (misprint of Hakluyt’s 
Zaguato). 
ZAGUATE. Prince, New Mexico, 34, 1883 (misquoting Hakluyt). 
Zvueuaro. Hinton, Handbook to Arizona, 388, 1878 (misquoting Hakluyt). 
The Navaho name of the ruin, as is well known, is Talla-hogan, ordi- 
narily translated ‘“ Singing-house,” and generally interpreted to refer to 
the mass said by the padres in the ancient church. Itis probable, how- 
ever, that kivas were used as chambers where songs were sung in cere- 
monials prior to the introduction of Christianity. Therefore why Awa- 
tobi should preeminently be designated as the “ Singing-house” is not 
quite apparent. 
} Pacheco-Cardenas, Colleccion de Documentos Inéditos, xv, 122, 182. 
2 Voyages, III, pp. 463, 470, 1600; reprint 1810. 
3 Pacheco-Cardenas, Documentos Inéditos, op. cit., XVI, 139. 
4Menologio Franciscano, 275; Teatro Mexicano, Il, 321. 
