FEWKES] THE DISCOVERY OF TUSAYAN 595 
The name of the mission, San Bernardino,'or San Bernardo, refers to 
its patron saint, aud was first applied by Porras in honor of the natal 
day of this saint, on which day, in 1629, he and his companions arrived 
in Tusayan. 
HISTORICAL KNOWLEDGE OF AWATOBI 
The identification of Tusayan with the present country of the Hopi 
depends in great measure on the correct determination of the situation 
of Cibola. I have regarded as conclusive Bandelier’s argument that 
Cibola comprised the group of pueblos inhabited by the Zuni in the 
sixteenth century.” Regarding this as proven, Tusayan corresponds 
with the Hopi villages, of which Awatobi was one of the largest. It lies 
in the same direction and about the same distance from Zuni as stated 
in Castaneda’s narrative. The fact that Cardenas passed through 
Tusayan when he went from Cibola to the Grand Canyon in 1540 is in 
perfect harmony with the identification of the Hopi villages with Tusa- 
yan, and Zuni with Cibola. Tobar, in Tusayan, heard of the great 
river to the west, and when he returned to the headquarters of Coro- 
nado at Cibola the general dispatched Cardenas to investigate the 
truth of the report. Cardenas naturally went to Tusayan where Tobar 
had heard the news, and from there took guides who conducted him to 
the Grand Canyon. Had the general been in any Hopi town at the 
time he sent Tobar, and later Cardenas, it is quite impossible to find 
any cluster of ruins which we can identify as Tusayan in the direction 
indicated. There can be no doubt that Tusayan was the modern Hopi 
country, and with this in mind the question as to which Hopi pueblo 
was the one first visited by Tobar is worthy of investigation. 
In order to shed what light is possible on this question, I have 
examined the account by Castaneda, the letter of Coronado to Mendoza, 
and the description in the “ Relacion del Suceso,” but find it difficult to 
determine that point definitely. 
In Hakluyt’s translation of Coronado’s letter, it is stated that the 
houses of the “cities” which Tobar was sent to examine were “of 
earth,” and the “chiefe” of these towns is called “Tucano.” As this 
letter was written before Coronado had received word from Tobar con- 
cerning his discoveries, naturally we should not expect definite 
information concerning the new province. Capt. Juan Jaramillo’s 
account speaks of * Tucayan” as a province composed of seven towns, 
and states that the houses are terraced. 
In the “ Relacion del Suceso” we likewise find the province called 
“Tuzan” (Tusayan), and the author notes the resemblance of the 
‘San Bernardino de Ahuatobi (Vetancurt, 1680); San Bernardo de Aguatuvi (Vargas, 1692). I find 
that the mission at Walpi was also mentioned by Vargas as dedicated to San Bernardino. The chureh 
at Oraibi was San Francisco de Oraybe and San Miguel. The mission at Shunopovi was called San 
Bartolomé, San Bernardo, and San Bernabe. 
?This article was in type too early for a review of Dellenbaugh’s identification of Cibola with a 
more southeasterly locality. His arguments bear some plausibility, but they are by no means decisive. 
