608 EXPEDITION TO ARIZONA IN 1895 [ETH. ANN. 17 
below the surface without reaching anything which I considered a floor. 
We found in excavations at the foundation of the church walls frag- 
ments of glass, several copper nails, a much-corroded iron hook, a cop- 
per bell pivot, and fragments of Spanish pottery. From the character 
of these objects alone there is no doubt in my mind of the former exist- 
ence of Spanish influence, and the method of construction of the mission 
walls and the addition constructed of adobe containing chopped straw, 
substantiate this conclusion. Supposing, from the architecture and 
orientation of other New Mexican missions, that the altar was at the 
western end, opposite the entrance to the church, I sank a trench along 
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Fig. 255—Ground plan of San Bernardino de Awatobi 
the foundation of the wall on that side, but encountered such a mass 
of fallen stone at that point that I found it impossible to make much 
progress, and the fact that the floor was more than 10 feet below the 
surface of the central depression led me to abandon, as impossible 
with my little band of native excavators, the laying bare of the floor 
of the church. 
The ground plan (figure 255) of the mission resembles that of the 
Zuni church, and is not unlike the plans of the churches in the Rio 
Grande pueblos. The tall buttresses, which rise 15 or 20 feet above 
the trail up the mesa on the southern corner, are, I believe, remnants 
