FEWKES] AWATOBI BURIAL CUSTOMS 617 
SMALLER AWATOBI 
About an eighth of a mile west of the great mounds of Awatobi there 
is a small rectangular ruin, the ground plan of which is well marked, 
and in which individual houses are easy to trace. Like its larger neigh- 
bor, it stands on the very edge of the mesa. None of its walls rise above 
the surface of the mounds, which, however, are considerably elevated 
and readily distinguished for some distance. The pueblo was built in 
the form of a rectangle of single-story houses surrounding a plaza. 
There was an opening or entrance on the southern side, near which 
is amound, possibly the remains of a kiva. A trail now passes directly 
through the ruin and down the mesa side to Jeditoh valley, probably 
the pathway by which the ancient inhabitants ascended the cliff. The 
Hopi Indians employed by me in excavating Awatobi had no name for 
this ruin and were not familiar with its existence before I pointed it out 
to them. For want of a better interpretation I have regarded it as a 
colony of old Awatobi, possibly of later construction. 
Excavations in its mounds revealed no objects of interest, although 
fragments of beautiful pottery, related to that found at Awatobi and 
Sikyatki, show that it must have been made by people of the older or 
best epoch! of Tusayan ceramics. 
MORTUARY REMAINS 
Although it is well known that the ancient inhabitants of the great 
houses of the Gila-Salado drainage buried some of their dead within 
their dwellings, or in other rooms, and that the same mortuary practice 
was observed in ancient Zuni-Cibola, up to the time of my excavations 
this form of burial had never been found in Tusayan. Iam now able 
to record that the same custom was practiced at Awatobi. 
Excavation made in the southeastern declivity of the western mounds 
led to a burial chamber in which we found the well-preserved skeleton 
of an old man, apparently a priest. The body was laid on the floor, 
at full length, and at his head, which pointed southward, had been 
placed, not mortuary offerings of food in bowls, but insignia of his 
priestly office. Eight small objects of pottery were found on his left side 
(plate ox1t, a, b, d, e). Among these was a symmetrical vase of beau- 
tiful red ware (plate cxt, a) richly decorated with geometric patterns, 
and four globular paint pots, each full of pigment of characteristic 
color. These paint pots were of black-and-white ware, and contained, 
respectively, yellow ocher, sesquioxide of iron, green copper carbonate, 
'So far as our limited knowledge of the older ruins of Tusayan goes, we find that their inhabitants 
must have been as far removed from rude Shohonean nomads as their descendants are today. The 
settlement at the early site of Walpi is reported to have been made in very early times, some legends 
stating that it occurred ata period when the people were limited to one family—the Snake. The freg- 
ments of pottery which I have found in the mounds of that ancient habitation are as fine and as 
characteristic of Tusayan as that of Sikyatki or Awatobi. It is inferior to none in the whole pueblo 
area, and betrays long sedentary life of its makers before it was manufactured. 
