624 EXPEDITION TO ARIZONA IN 1895 [ETH. ANN. 17 
one or two fragments of fine pottery from Awatobi, but no decoration 
of this kind was observed on the Sikyatki vessels. The red ware is 
the same as that found in ancient Cibola, while one or two fragments 
of glossy black recall fhe type common to modern Santa Clara. 
Two bird-shape vessels, one made of black-and-white ware, the other 
red with black-and-white decoration, were found at Awatobi. Large 
masses of clay suited to the potter’s art were not uncommonly found 
in the corners of the rooms or in the niches in their walls. Some of 
these masses are of fine paste, the others coarse with grains of sand. 
The former variety was used in making the finest Tusayan ceramics; 
the latter was employed in modeling cooking pots and other vessels of 
ruder finish. 
Several flute-shape objects of clay, with flaring extremities, were 
found on the surface of the mounds of Awatobi, and one was taken 
from a Sikyatki grave. The use of these objects is unknown to me. 
Among the fragments of dippers from Awatobi are several with 
perforations in the bottom, irregularly arranged or in geometric form, 
as that of a cross. These colanders were rare at Sikyatki, but I find 
nothing in them to betray Spanish influence.’ Handled dippers or 
mugs have been found so often by me in the prehistorie ruins of our 
Southwest that I can not accept the dictum that the mug form was not 
prehistoric, and the conclusion is legitimate that the Tusayan Indians 
were familiar with mugs when the Spaniards came among them. The 
handles of the dippers or ladles are single or double, solid or hollow, 
simply turned up at one end or terminating with the head of an animal. 
The upper side of the ladle handle may be grooved or convex. No 
ladle handle decorated with an image of a ‘‘mud-head” or clown priest, 
so common on modern ladles, was found either at Awatobi or Sikyatki. 
Rudely made imitations in miniature of all kinds of pottery, espe- 
cially of ladles, were common. These are regarded as votive offerings, 
from the fact that they were found usually in the graves of children, 
and were apparently used as playthings before they were buried. 
A common decoration on the handles of ladles is a series of short 
parallel lines arranged in alternating longitudinal and transverse zones. 
This form of decoration of ladle handles I have observed on similar 
vessels from the Casas Grandes of Chihuahua, and it reappears on pot- 
tery in all the ruins I have studied between Mexico and Tusayan. In 
the exhibit of the Mexican Government at Madrid in 1892-93 a fine 
collection of ancient pottery from Oaxaca was shown, and I have draw- 
ings of one of these ladles with the same parallel marks on the handle 
that are found on Pueblo ware from the Gila-Salado, the Cibola, and 
the Tusayan regions. 
The only fragment of pottery from Awatobi or Sikyatki with designs 
which could be identified with any modern picture of a katcina was 
‘Tam Sarena by Mr ¥. W. Hodge that similar fap were found by the Hemenway Expedition 
in 1888 in the prehistoric ruins of the Salado. 
